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Biomedical subjects

G Mengozzi

Publications and source records attributed to G Mengozzi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[An echographic study of left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarct undergoing thrombolysis].

To evaluate the changes of left ventricular diastolic and systolic function and the timing of these changes in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction, serial echocardiograms were performed in 10 male patients (mean age of 56 years) with acute myocardial infarction, undergoing reperfusion by thrombolysis (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator). Echocardiograms were performed before reperfusion and 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 7 and 14 days after thrombolysis. Significant differences of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular end diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and ejection fraction were not found. The mean regional wall motion index improved from 1.02 +/- 0.50 to 0.89 +/- 0.51 (p less than 0.05) at 48 hours; to 0.79 +/- 0.46 (p less than 0.01) at 72 hours; to 0.69 +/- 0.43 (p less than 0.001) at 7 days and to 0.61 +/- 0.40 at 14 days (p less than 0.001). The deceleration time decreased from 223 +/- 33 to 169 +/- 30 ms (p less than 0.001) 24 hours after reperfusion without further improvement. E peak velocity and E/A ratio significantly increased at 72 hours, while A peak velocity was not statistically different. A slow and progressive recovery of left ventricular function occurred after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Left ventricular diastole improves earlier while regional systolic function improves slowly till the hospital discharge.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Iron deficiency in maintenance hemodialysis patients: assessment of diagnosis criteria and of three different iron treatments.

The study was carried out in order to evaluate in maintenance hemodialysis (MH) patients: (1) the reliability of serum ferritin (SF) measurement in iron deficiency diagnosis and therapy; (2) the possibility to improve iron stores assessment through laboratory indexes routinely used in clinical practice; (3) the most effective iron deficiency treatment. After a preliminary assessment of SF reference values in 250 healthy volunteers, we studied 72 MH patients divided into three groups according to their SF baseline values: high (group A), normal (group B), low (group C) (normal range 19-191 ng/ml). Each group was further divided into three subgroups receiving three different iron treatments for 6 months: (1) oral administration of 67.5 mg/day of Fe3+ as Fe-ferritin (subgroups A1, B1, C1); (2) oral administration of 60 mg/day of Fe3+ as Fe-chondroitin sulfate (subgroups A2, B2, C2); (3) i.v. administration at the end of each dialytic session of 31 mg of Fe3+ as Fe-gluconate-Na (subgroups A3, B3, C3). The response to the iron therapy was considered positive when the hemoglobin (Hb) and the hematocrit (Ht) increased to greater than or equal to 15% of the baseline values. The rate of positive responses in each subgroup was as follows: A1 0/5, A2 0/5, A3 0/7, B1 2/10, B2 1/6, B3 5/11, C1 1/7, C2 3/7, C3 10/16. We concluded that SF values above 191 ng/ml allow to exclude iron deficiency whereas SF values less than or equal to the normal range are inadequate. In an attempt to improve diagnostic sensitivity we divided patients of subgroup B3 and C3 into responders (R) and nonresponders (NR).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[The evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of 4'-epidoxorubicin at high doses].

Twenty-eight patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with high dose 4'-epidoxorubicin (EDX). Fifteen patients underwent EDX monotherapy (cumulative dose: 800 mg/m2) while 13 were treated with EDX (cumulative dose: 660 mg/m2) associated with cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin. A 2D-echo was performed in basal condition, after the third and sixth dose and 2 months after the end of the therapy. In the patients without cardiovascular disease (n = 19) left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) were unchanged. The patients with coronary artery disease (n = 5) showed a statistically significant decrease in EF with an increase of ESV. All patients with systemic hypertension (n = 4) showed a significant reduction of EF and a significant increase of ESV and EDV.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Molecular design, synthesis, and antiinflammatory activity of a series of beta-aminoxypropionic acids.

Previous experimental and theoretical studies carried out on the mechanism of action of adrenergic drugs have shown that the (methyleneaminoxy)methyl moiety (C = NOCH2, MAOMM) can be considered as a "bioisostere" of an aryl group (Ar). On this basis, a series of substituted beta-aminoxypropionic acids (AOPAs) were synthesized as analogues of antiinflammatory arylacetic acids (ArAAs), in which the Ar portion is substituted by the MAOMM, with the aim of evaluating whether any antiinflammatory activity could be obtained from this class of drugs after the substitution of the Ar with the MAOMM. The antiinflammatory activity of the AOPAs synthesized was determined by carageenan-induced rat paw edema, using diclofenac as the reference drug. The pharmacological data showed that most of the AOPAs examined exhibit a significant antiinflammatory activity, which in the case of the (E)-3-(benzylideneaminoxy)propionic acid (7q) is very close to that of the reference drug. Structural and theoretical studies were carried out in order to compare the conformation and the molecular reactivity of the AOPAs with those of the ArAAs. Pharmacological results showed that the ArAAs also generally exhibit an antiinflammatory activity after the substitution of the Ar with the MAOMM, thus supporting the hypothesis of a bioisosterelike relationship between these two moieties in this class of NSAIDs.

Alanine↗
PubMed1990

Glucose-induced insulin secretion in uremia: effects of aminophylline infusion and glucose loads.

To explain mechanisms responsible for derangement of insulin release in uremia, we investigated glucose metabolism through three different tests in 14 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. These tests were: intravenous glucose tolerance test with 0.33 g/kg of glucose solution (IVGTT); IVGTT with 0.5 g/kg of glucose solution (IVGTT2); IVGTT during aminophylline infusion (IVGTT + A). Twelve of the patients had IVGTT repeated after two to four months of thrice-weekly regular hemodialysis (IVGTT3). In each test we measured plasma glucose (G), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide. We also calculated glucose constant decay (K), insulin production (IRI area), insulinogenic index (IGI), and insulin resistance index (RI). Twenty-nine healthy volunteers formed the normal controls for IVGTT. As compared to controls, during IVGTT uremic patients showed significantly lower values in K, IRI area and IGI, and showed a significant RI value increase. During IVGTT2, IRI are values were higher than during IVGTT but IGI and K values were unchanged. During IVGTT + A both IRI area and IGI values were higher than during IVGTT. After hemodialysis treatment (IVGTT3) K, IRI areas and IGI increased significantly as compared to the predialysis period. K increase after hemodialysis correlated directly to IGI increase and inversely to RI changes. IGI increase during IVGTT3 was directly correlated to IGI rise during IVGTT + A. From these data we infer that defective insulin release in uremia is due to a decrease of beta-cell glucose sensitivity rather than to their functional exhaustion. An impaired adenyl cyclase-cAMP system may have an important role in the pathogenesis of this abnormality.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1990

Phase II feasibility study of high dose epirubicin-based regimens for untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer.

17 previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer entered a phase II study testing the feasibility of incorporating high dose epirubicin (110 mg/m2, day 1) in combination regimens, including cyclophosphamide (1 g/m2, day 1), and etoposide (120 mg/m2, day 1) (courses 1, 3, 5) or cisplatin (60 mg/m2, day 1) and etoposide (120 mg/m2, days 1-4) (courses 2, 4, 6), every 3 weeks. Complete responders with limited or extensive disease received thoracic (40 Gy) and prophylactic cranial (30 Gy) irradiation. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. Myelosuppression and stomatitis were the dose-limiting side-effects. Maximum myelosuppression occurred as granulocytopenia and anemia, but a recovery by day 21 was observed in the majority of courses. Neutropenic fever occurred in 47 of 99 courses. Severe stomatitis was experienced in 25 courses and lasted generally 7-12 days. Acute cardiac toxicity was uncommon and represented by mild to moderate rhythm abnormalities. No change was noted in the mean QRS voltage on electrocardiogram (ECG) and no patient had a decline of greater than or equal to 20% in the cardiac ejection fraction and/or episode of overt heart failure at any stage of treatment. The overall objective response rate was 88%, with six (35%) complete and nine (53%) partial responses. With a median follow-up of 16 months, overall median survival was 13 months (range, 2-18+). This study demonstrates that epirubicin, at the present dose and schedule, is feasible in combination regimens and that cardiotoxicity is not dose-limiting and induced or enhanced by thoracic irradiation and/or cyclophosphamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Short-term effects of diethylaminoethyl-dextran on postprandial gastrointestinal hormone responses in man.

The effects of oral diethylaminoethyl-dextran (3 g total), taken 30 min before a standard mixed test meal, on plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, gastrin-like immunoreactivity, bombesin-like immunoreactivity, gastric-inhibitory-polypeptide-like immunoreactivity and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were evaluated in eight healthy volunteers following a double-blind protocol. Incremental peak plasma concentrations of total lipids and triglycerides were significantly reduced by pretreatment with diethylaminoethyl-dextran pretreatment, while peaks of plasma glucose and total cholesterol were not significantly affected. Diethylaminoethyl-dextran also inhibited postprandial gastrin-like gastric-inhibitory-polypeptide-like and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity; by contrast, bombesin-like immunoreactivity was not significantly modified. The present study indicates that diethylaminoethyl-dextran is able to regulate some postprandial metabolic and hormonal parameters in man; consequently it might be useful in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia and obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Doppler echocardiography in the functional evaluation of patients with pure mitral valve stenosis].

To evaluate the utility of echo-Doppler (ED; PW, CW and color), 67 patients affected by pure mitral stenosis (20 M, 47 F, mean age 52 years) were submitted to ED examination. Right and left cardiac catheterization were performed in 20 patients within 24 hours before ED. Mitral area obtained by Doppler method (Hatle's formula) correlated highly with both echo-2 dimensional and hemodynamic area (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001; r = 0.95, p less than 0.001 respectively). It was possible to calculate systolic pulmonary pressure, in patients with tricuspid incompetence, (43.9 +/- 14.9 mmHg, range 25-80) which correlated significantly (r = 0.95, p less than 0.001) with hemodynamic data (40.2 +/- 12.7 mmHg, range 20-70). The left atrial-left ventricular pressure gradient was 15.6 +/- 6.9 mmHg, range 6-32; the mean pressure gradient was 8.4 +/- 3.7 mmHg, range 3-17; the pressure half time 170.2 +/- 62.3 ms, range 83-330. We observed different types of direction of transmitral jets: centrally directed (n = 34); forward antero-lateral wall (n = 28); toward interventricular septum (n = 5). The transmitral jets presented 4 different appearances: scimitar-shaped (n = 28); candle flame (n = 24); mushroom (n = 9); double-jets (n = 6). No correlation was observed between the different types of transmitral jets (direction and appearance) and the parameters obtained by Doppler (PW and CW): velocities, pressure half-time, gradients. Thus, Doppler echocardiography permits a complete anatomic and functional evaluation of patients with pure mitral stenosis. We have not observed any correlation between the hemodynamic data and the different types of transmitral jets visualized by color Doppler.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗
PubMed1989

Glucose metabolism, lipidic pattern, apolipoprotein A and B during hemodialysis with cuprophan and hemodialysis-hemoperfusion.

We studied differences in the glucose metabolism, lipid pattern and apolipoprotein A and B after one month of combined hemodialysis-hemoperfusion (HD-HP) in eight regular maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. After one month of HD-HP predialytic serum creatinine and phosphate were lower than during the preceding HD period; the lipidic pattern and apolipoproteins were unchanged. A single HD-HP session significantly reduced triglycerides; this does not occur during HD. Postdialytic changes of all other lipoprotein metabolism parameters are identical in the two techniques. As regards glucose metabolism, after one month of regular HD-HP treatment glycemic curves during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were perfectly matched with those in HD. However, insulin production was lower, with a reduction of the insulin resistance index. Differences did not reach statistical significance. The Authors infer that activated charcoal, even though it achieves better blood purification in uremia, may be unable to remove specific substances which hamper some key enzyme activities of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An analysis of the effects of galanin on gastric acid secretion and plasma levels of gastrin in the dog.

The effects of galanin on gastric acid secretion and plasma levels of gastrin were studied in conscious dogs chronically fitted with gastric fistulas. Continuous i.v. infusion of galanin (2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) for 2 h did not affect unstimulated total acid output or plasma levels of gastrin. In contrast, simultaneous i.v. infusion of galanin (1-2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) inhibited the bombesin-stimulated output of acid whereas the effects of bombesin on gastrin output were not significantly modified. Galanin (2-4 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.) also depressed the secretory response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose without significantly affecting plasma gastrin levels. Galanin (2-4 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.) did not depress bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid output or inhibit histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. These findings indicate that glanin inhibits the bombesin- and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-stimulated secretion of gastric acid in conscious dogs by an action which is probably exerted at the level of the cholinergic nerve terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of the gastric antisecretory effects of ramixotidine dihydrochloride (CM 57755), a new H2 receptor antagonist, and cimetidine in dogs.

This paper compares the effects of ramixotidine dihydrochloride (CM 57755) with those of cimetidine on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in conscious dogs chronically fitted with Heidenhain pouches and/or gastric fistulae. At equimolar doses, intravenous (i.v.) or intragastric (i.g.) CM 57755 caused similar inhibition of dimaprit- or pentagastrin-induced secretion than cimetidine. Acid secretion stimulated by a meat meal was significantly reduced by both CM 57755 and cimetidine. Neither CM 57755 (4.5 and 9 mumol/kg) nor cimetidine (4 mumol/kg) modified gastrin release, while cimetidine (8 mumol/kg) significantly increased it. Judging from these results, while CM 57755 appears to be an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion induced by different stimulants in dogs with potency comparable to cimetidine. The increase in plasma gastrin levels seen after cimetidine but not after CM 57755 suggests that cimetidine releases gastrin by a mechanism independent of H2 receptor antagonism.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic and hormonal assessment of patients on maintenance hemodialysis for 10 years or more and their importance in long-term survival.

We studied metabolic and hormonal patterns in 11 patients on hemodialysis for over 10 years (group A) to determine whether some metabolic abnormalities worsen with long-term dialysis or whether a particular endocrine-metabolic pattern discriminates long-term hemodialysis survivors. Data were compared to those of 14 subjects of similar age and sex on dialysis for 1-3 years (group B) and to those measured in the same patients during the 1st year of dialytic treatment. As to glucose metabolism, group A showed elevation of fasting plasma glucose and a decrease of glucose constant decay (K) and insulin production (IIG) values as compared to the 1st year of dialysis. No difference was found between group A now and group B. However in the 1st year of dialysis group A showed significantly higher K values than group B. As regards lipid metabolism, group A presented higher alpha-lipoprotein values and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/apoprotein A, and apoprotein A/apoprotein B ratios, while low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apoprotein B values and beta/alpha-lipoprotein ratio were lower. These data demonstrate less vascular risk in group A. We explain these results as depending on natural selection. Multivariate analysis of survival confirmed that survival in hemodialysis patients is influenced negatively by glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities. As to Ca-P metabolism, group A showed higher carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase values than group B. However, these data may be superimposed to those determined in the same patients in 1981, when we began the regular use of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The influence of a new prostaglandin E2 analogue (FCE 20700) on gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the dog.

The effects of FCE 20700, a new prostaglandin E2 analogue, on gastric acid and pepsin secretion stimulated by different secretagogues were studied in dogs. Intravenous FCE 20700 produced a significant inhibition of total acid output (TAO) induced by pentagastrin or histamine in gastric fistula (GF) dogs. This effect was short-lasting and mainly due to a reduction in the volume of gastric juice with little acid concentration change. TAO and pepsin output stimulated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose were similarly inhibited by intravenous FCE 20700. In dogs chronically fitted with both GF and Heidenhain pouch (HP), intragastric FCE 20700 significantly inhibited TAO stimulated by pentagastrin or histamine from HP, while acid secretion from GF was not significantly affected. It is concluded that FCE 20700 possesses a weak antisecretory activity in dogs. Consequently the antiulcer effects of this prostaglandin derivative seem to be largely independent from its influence on gastric acid and pepsin secretion.

Animals↗