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Biomedical subjects

G Merino

Publications and source records attributed to G Merino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Relationship between hormone levels and testicular biopsies of azoospermic men.

This study was conducted to evaluate the testicular biopsies and the sera levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL) in 96 azoospermic men attending the Andrology Clinic. Plasma levels of FSH were the most common hormone abnormality in the evaluation of azoospermia. Plasma levels of LH and T were useful only in azoospermic men with hypogonadism, whereas plasma PRL levels rarely occurred in azoospermia.

Adult↗
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Sexually transmitted diseases and related genital pathologies in oligozoospermia.

Sexually transmitted pathogens are associated with a wide range of anomalies and diseases, including recurrent genital herpes, urethritis, syphilis, prostitis, genital ulcers, perihepatitis, unexplained infertility, infant prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal death or malformations. Prompt diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential to ensure appropriate specific treatment and to reduce complications. Extensive studies on the etiology of male infertility include poorly treated infections such as STDs, epididymitis, complications associated with mumps, delayed treatment of undescended testes, repair of inguinal hernia, varicocele, endocrine disorders, anomalies of the reproductive tract and male accessory organs, trauma, surgery, heat-cold injury, and active-passive immunization.

Adult↗
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Bacterial infection and semen characteristics in infertile men.

Semen samples of 190 men attending an andrology clinic were evaluated with bacteriological culture and categorized as negative (group I) and positive (group II); the effect of bacteriospemia on semen characteristics was also analyzed. Semen samples from both groups were simultaneously analyzed for routine parameters such as volume, sperm count, motility, viability and morphology. The semen culture was negative in 34% and positive in 66% of the samples. From 123 samples, 157 aerobes and 8 anaerobes were recovered. The most commonly isolated organism was Staphylococchs epidermidis (in 63% of the samples), followed by Streptococchs viridans (28%), Escherichia coli (9%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Streptococcus faecalis (5%), beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (4%), and Enterobacter agglomerans (4%). Other microorganisms, including Klebsiella sp, Candida sp., and Proteus mirabilis, were recovered in fewer than 4% of the specimens. The comparison of semen characteristics between infected and noninfected men showed that motile spermatozoa and viability were lower when the microorganisms were present in the semen. It would appear that the bacteria can have a direct effect on semen quality with negative consequences in fertility.

Adult↗
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Infection and male infertility: effect of different antibiotic regimens on semen quality.

Objective criteria of semen quality were evaluated in 60 men with positive culture of semen after treatment with two different antibiotics and compared with placebo. Group I received 160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole twice a day, group II received 250 mg ciprofloxacin twice a day, and group III received a placebo. No difference was recorded between antibiotic treatment and placebo in sperm quality but accessory gland function was modified.

Adult↗
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Semen characteristics, endocrine profiles, and testicular biopsies of infertile men of different ages.

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the interaction among semen characteristics, endocrine profiles, and testicular biopsies in 968 infertile men. Men were divided into five groups according to age. Sperm with abnormal morphology and percentage of progressive motility were found in patients over 40 years of age. However, there was a remarkable heterogeneity of semen characteristics within the examined groups. Azoospermia was present in 43 patients (4%), oligozoospermia in 73 (7%), and polyzoospermia in 126 (13%). Sexually transmitted disease was found in 28%. It would appear that age contributed to the decline in semen quality in men over 40 years old.

Adult↗
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Prognosis for fertility analyzing different variables in men and women.

A cohort of 123 infertile couples was studied by life tables over a 30-month follow-up period to determine the influence on reproductive prognosis of clinical features, namely the women's age, previous gestational events, evolution time, and a number of conditioning infertility factors. The cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) was 60% at 30 months. Women aged 32 years or less had a CPR of 65% and those over 32 years had a CPR of 31%. Couples with previous pregnancy had a CPR of 88%, while those with primary infertility had a CPR of 45% (marginal statistical difference). The group with infertility evolution of 36 months or less had a CPR of 75% and those with greater than 36 months infertility evolution had a CPR of 43% (p < .05). With one conditioning infertility factor a CPR of 75% was found, and with multiple factors a CPR of 47% (p < .05) was found. With these results a grading chart was created using all the analyzed criteria, determining the proportion of pregnancies per number of negative points obtained; at greater grades the proportion of pregnancy was reduced (p < .01). This report establishes the prognostic value of different variables observed in the evaluation of infertile men and women, and a simple procedure to calculate the probability to achieve pregnancy is proposed.

Adult↗
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Sperm characteristics and hormonal profile before and after treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone in infertile patients.

Fourteen asthenoteratozoospermic (ATZS) patients were treated with 75-IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injections 3 times a week for 3 months. In the group as a whole, sperm motility, viability, and morphology were improved, but not significantly. Only 3 patients impregnated their wives following treatment. Semen characteristics of the 3 patients whose wives were pregnant showed significant improvement in sperm morphology (p = .001). Only FSH levels were statistically higher (p = .022) than controls. The administration of FSH in weekly doses can improve the fertilization potential of sperm.

Adult↗
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Effects of pentoxifylline on sperm motility in normogonadotropic asthenozoospermic men.

Forty-seven normogonadotropic men with idiopatic asthenozoospermic were divided at random: group I (N = 22) received placebo and group II (N = 25) received 1200 mg of pentoxifylline/day during 6 months. Semen analysis was performed basal and at 3 and 6 months of the study period. No statistical changes in serum hormone concentration were found, nor in volume, sperm counts, viability, and morphology before and after treatment. Sperm motility increased following pentoxifylline treatment after 3 and 6 months from 25.5 (21.0-30.0) to 35.5 (31.5-39.0) (p < .00001) and to 42.0 (38.0-46.0) (p < .00001), respectively. Although in the placebo control cases some changes were observed in the sperm motility, they were less significant. Furthermore, progressive motility only in grade A increased with pentoxifylline from 2.5 (0.0-6.0) to 12.0 (6.0-19.5) (p < .001) at 3 months and to 22.5 (17.0-26.0) at 6 months (p < .00001). In conclusion, pentoxifylline had an additional effect rather than placebo and was useful treatment in these cases of male factor infertility.

Adult↗
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Hyperprolactinemia in men with asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, or azoospermia.

The role of serum prolactin (PRL) in male infertility is still unclear. To assess the clinical significance of PRL determination during infertility studies, serum hormones and semen samples from 167 men attending the Andrology Clinic were analyzed, and PRL seric values were correlated with volume, sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. The range of PRL levels (ng/mL) was 7.3 +/- 2.1 in the control group (n = 46), 13.9 +/- 6.6 in asthenozoospermic (n = 51), 12.6 +/- 7.8 in oligozoospermic (n = 42), and 10.9 +/- 4.8 in azoospermic patients (n = 28). Significantly higher (p < .0001) levels of PRL were found in the men with asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and azoospermia. In the 121 infertile patients with abnormal semen analysis, serum PRL levels were below 14.0 ng/mL (normal mean + 3 SD) in 81 (66.9%) and above this level in 40 (33.1%) cases. Serum FSH and LH concentrations in azoospermic men were significantly higher (p < .0001) when compared with those of the control group, which indicates some disturbance of the spermatogenic process, and estradiol was significantly higher (p < .02) in oligozoospermic patients. No significant differences were found in serum testosterone. Twenty-one patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia and hyperprolactinemia were treated with 2.5 mg of bromocriptine daily for 6 months, resulting in a nonmeasurable effect on their sperm analysis. In conclusion, two-thirds of patients with oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and azoospermia have normal PRL levels. Infertility in men due to moderate hyperprolactinemia could be associated with these sperm disturbances, but bromocriptine was of no therapeutic utility.

Adult↗
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Andropause and the aging male.

For many years andropause has been compared to female climaterium. Data show that symptoms are more an identification process with the climateric partner. Sexual function decreases with age but hormonal changes are not the major determining factor in this decline. There is histological evidence of an aging testicle, with reduced number of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Testosterone also declines about a third, as do dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin growth factor-1. There is no change in dehydrotestosterone and estrogens and there is an increase in follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones levels. Recent data cannot recommend the use of hormone replacement therapy with androgens because of potential severe side effects and lack of data on long-term effects.

Aging↗
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Effect of antibiotic therapy in asthenozoospermic men associated with increased agglutination and minimal leukospermia.

Thirteen patients with asthenozoospermia and semen analysis suggestive of infection were studied and divided at random into 2 groups according to the antibiotic treatment they received: (I) ciprofloxacine 250 mg every 12 hours by 14 days per os (n = 7) and (II) trimethoprim 160 mg and sulfamethoxazole 800 mg every 12 hours by 14 days per os (n = 6). Their couples received the same treatment. Changes in sperm density, morphology, viability, motility, agglutination, pH, and presence of leukocytes were analyzed before and after treatment. The average of morphologically normal sperms significantly decreased after treatment in the ciprofloxacine group; sperm with grade III motility increased in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group, but without statistical significance. With these preliminary results, it can be concluded that antibiotic administration modifies some of the spermatic parameters, particularly motility and morphology, in patients whose semen analysis parameters suggested infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
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Effects of cigarette smoking on semen characteristics of a population in Mexico.

A study of semen quality was conducted in 197 smoking and 161 non-smoking men undergoing initial infertility investigation. The men were allocated into groups according the number of cigarettes smoked per day < 10 (n = 57), 11-20 (n = 115), and > 20 cigarettes (n = 25). Smokers had significantly poorer sperm density (P < .005), a lower percentage of viability (P < .007), a lower percentage of normal sperm morphology (P < .005), and the percentage of motile sperm was lower (P < .005). These parameters were worse in the heavy smoking groups. Thus the present study corroborates reports of detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on sperm characteristics. Further studies are needed to explain the mechanism by which smoking affects spermatogenesis.

Humans↗