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Biomedical subjects

G Montanari

Publications and source records attributed to G Montanari.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of endurance athletes: effect of L-carnitine.

The effects of L-carnitine on respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of long distance runners were studied in 14 athletes. These subjects received placebo or L-carnitine (2 g orally b.i.d.) during a 4-week period of training. Athletes receiving L-carnitine showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the activities of rotenone-sensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase, succinate cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase. In contrast, succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were unchanged. No significant changes were observed after placebo administration. The levels of both total and free carnitine from athletes receiving placebo were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after treatment. By contrast, total and free carnitine levels were markedly increased (p < 0.01) after supplementation with L-carnitine. Our results suggest that L-carnitine induces an increase of the respiratory chain enzyme activities in muscle, probably by mechanisms involving mitochondrial DNA.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Effects of dentin surface treatments on the shear bond strength of Vitrabond.

The influences of nine dentin surface treatments were evaluated on the shear bond strength of a new light-cured glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and on the SEM morphology of the treated dentin surfaces. The following treatments were performed: saline solution (control), NaOCl, acidic glycine, EDTA, malic acid, malic acid plus glycine, polyacrylic acid, tannic acid, and neutral+acidic oxalate solutions. Buccal dentin surfaces were polished with #320-grit abrasive paper, treated with one of the chemicals, washed, and air-dried. Cylindrical GIC samples were then applied to the dentin surface, stored in 100% humidity, and tested after 24 h. SEM observations demonstrated no effect of saline or NaOCl treatment on the smear layer but its complete removal with exposure of collagen fibrils after malic or malic acid plus glycine treatment. Partial removal of the smear layer occurred following glycine treatment and with tannic or polyacrylic acids. Complete removal of the smear layer was seen after EDTA or pyruvic acid treatment. Oxalate treatment produced a layer of crystals, which completely covered the dentin surface. Shear bond strength of GIC was significantly increased only by treatment with the oxalate solutions.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1992

Lateral discoid meniscus: treatment and results.

Forty-six patients (47 knees) who had symptomatic discoid lateral menisci were operated on between August 1981 and May 1989. The patients were categorized according to Watanabe's classifications: complete (80.8%), incomplete (10.6%), and Wrisberg type (8.5%). The treatment of the discoid meniscus is based on total or partial meniscectomy, achieved by the percutaneous or arthrometric technique. Of the 47 knees, 30 underwent a follow-up evaluation. Using Ikeuchi's knee scale, 27 cases (90%) had either excellent or good ratings, and 3 (10%) received fair ratings. There were no poor outcomes. The results in the knees treated by partial meniscectomy were better than those in the knees treated with total meniscectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Treatment with low dose metformin in patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Low dose metformin (500 mg b.i.d.) was tested in 11 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in an open design. At -1, 0, 1, 4, 7 months the major lipid and lipoprotein parameters, arterial function, and fibrinolytic activity were monitored. Arterial function changes were similar to those found with a high dose (850 mg t.i.d.) metformin but plasma lipids did not change to an appreciable extent. Post-ischaemic blood flow, by plethysmography, rose 30%; the exercise capacity, evaluated by treadmill test, also increased significantly by 105.7% for relative and 53.3% for absolute claudication. Total fibrinolytic activity did not change during the treatment but the antigens of two of the major components of the fibrinolytic system, i.e. t-PA and PAI-1, were significantly reduced at the end of the study. This study gave results quite consistent with those obtained with higher metformin doses, associated with a potentially higher risk of lactic acidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Gynecomastia].

Gynecomastia is a benign pathology due to the increased volume of the mammary glands. The various etiological factors lead to an imbalanced estrogen/androgen ratio or to a greater local receptivity to the former with consequent hypertrophy of the mammary stromal gland components. Although the majority of cases are benign and/or transient, gynecomastia must be carefully examined using thorough anamnesis, hormone assays and instrumental tests in order to exclude local or further removed pathology. At present, medical or surgical therapy is reserved for those cases in which this condition is painful and/or psychologically damaging. In this study, following a review of the literature, the Authors focus on the etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of gynecomastia and illustrate the cases they have observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Intestinal volvulus in pregnancy].

Intestinal occlusion is a rare pathologic event during pregnancy occurring mostly in the second and third trimenon when increased volume of the uterus and the consequent displacement of abdominal organs cause complications of pathologies which would otherwise escape notice, such as intestinal adhesions, to become manifest. Diagnosis is difficult for a number of reasons. Vomiting during the first trimenon and mild abdominal pain during the third are often neglected or considered to be part of the normal course of pregnancy; pain is sometimes referred to atypical sites due to the displacement of abdominal organs; in other cases, the high endorphin tonus is apt to reduce the customary defence reaction. All this should not cause time to be lost, and whenever intestinal occlusion is suspected all the necessary diagnostic procedures must at once be carried out and appropriate therapy must speedily be started so as to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity for mother and fetus. Management of ileus in pregnancy is identical to that for the non pregnant woman, except for the need to empty the uterus in cases in which it prevents treatment or if the fetus has reached a sufficient degree of pulmonary maturity. The paper describes a case of ileal volvulus and revisits the literature analyzing the diagnostic and therapeutic options suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided biopsy in lymphomas].

The authors have reviewed the literature on imaging techniques for the diagnosis of lymphoma. Lymphography, axial computerized tomography (CT) and echotomography have been compared as to their sensitivity and specificity. Lymphography allows diagnosis of the disease even in lymph nodes of less than 0.5 cm diameter, but this technique cannot be applied to all lymphatic station. Echotomography and CT are equivalent as to the accuracy of diagnosis and are both helpful for guided needle biopsy. In view of its low cost, echotomography is considered by most workers the first-line approach to the evaluation of lymphoma patients. In spite of its advantages over other methods, echotomography must, nevertheless, be integrated by CT, lymphography, and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Comparison of clinical, mammographic, echographic and cytological aspiration diagnosis in a group of 50 patients].

The study assesses the sensitivity of clinical, mammographic, echographic and needle biopsy tests in a sample group of 50 women some of whom were examined and operated by the Surgical Division of Casalpusterlengo Hospital, whereas others were examined and operated at Crema Hospital. Data were compared with those from larger studies recently reported in the literature. Patients had a minimum age of 42 years and a mean age of 64.3 years; all were symptomatic. Clinical examination, mammography and echotomography showed an increased sensitivity in parallel with the increased size of tumour and the patient's age. The sensitivity of mammography in T1 cases was higher than that of clinical examination and ultrasound tests. Diagnosis was made on cytological grounds alone in 2% of cases, but was negative in 14% (benign/inadequate sample) in spite of the presence of a positive clinical examination and mammography. A 90.4% sensitivity rate was achieved using a combined clinical examination and mammography.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Shear bond strength and microleakage of dentin bonding systems.

This study evaluated the shear bond strength and microleakage of class V non-retentive restorations with 10 different dentin bonding systems. Some were tested with different composite resins. For the shear bond test, eight specimens were prepared for each product and tested in a universal testing machine. For the microleakage test, 158 V-shaped class V cavities extending to the cementoenamel junction were prepared, coated with a dentin bonding system, and restored with a composite resin. After 250 thermocycles, the teeth were immersed in a dye solution for 48 hours, longitudinally sectioned, and evaluated for microleakage. Both test procedures resulted in significant differences between the various materials. The bond strength failed to completely prevent microleakage at the dentinal wall. The new generation of dentin bonding systems offer a significant improvement over previous materials.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1991

Hydrostatic intrapulpal pressure and bond strength of bonding systems.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-pulpal pressure on shear bond strength of three light-cured glass-ionomer cements (GC lining cement, Vitrabond, and Zionomer) and four dentin bonding agents [Gluma/Scotchbond, Scotchbond 2, MBL, and Clearfil Photo Bond]. Buccal dentin surfaces were prepared just below the DEJ by means of a diamond bur. Dentin treatments were made for Zionomer (Zionomer conditioner), Scotchbond 2 (Scotchprep), MBL (10-3 solution), Clearfil PB (H3PO4), GC lining cement (Polyacrylic acid), and Gluma/Scotchbond (EDTA). Resin composites were inserted into tubes, positioned on dentin, cured, tested after five min or 24 h, and compared with samples bonded and stored under an intra-pulpal pressure of 36 cm of saline. After 24 h in superficial dentin, intrapulpal pressure reduced the bond strength only in MBL, Scotchbond 2, and Zionomer. Clearfil PB bond strength was increased, while Vitrabond, GC lining cement, and Gluma/Scotchbond were unaffected by the presence of pulpal pressure. However, in deep dentin, Scotchbond 2 and Clearfil PB shear bond strengths were significantly reduced by storage in the presence of 36-cm H2O pulpal pressure. Only Vitrabond remained unaffected by pulpal pressure in deep dentin.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1991

Results of the multicentric Italian experience on the Gamma nail: a report on 648 cases.

In a multicentric study, the data of 628 trochanteric fractures, two non-unions, and 18 pathologic or impending fractures treated by Gamma nail in 13 Italian traumatology services were collected and analyzed. In 70% of the patients weight bearing was allowed in the first postoperative week and 78% of the controlled patients returned to their pretrauma walking ability. Complications included intraoperative (1.4%) and postoperative (1.2%) shaft fractures, "cut out" of the lag screw (2.6%), and nail failure (0.5%). There were no cases of infection. An analysis of complications showed that most of them were due to technical mistakes. The safest procedure is 2 mm diaphyseal overreaming, introduction of the nail without hammering, and distal locking; the lag screw should be placed in the lower part of the head of the femur.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Echography in the diagnosis of breast cancer].

Fifty-one patients with clinically palpable breast cancer were examined using small-parts echotomography. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of overall diagnosis were assessed in the two groups of patients: T1 (diameter less than 2 cm) and T2-T3-T4 (diameter greater than 2 cm). The frequency of the main echographic signs associated with breast cancer was also investigated. Diagnostic accuracy was found to be high in the T2-T3-T4 group (93%), but very low in the T1 group (71%). The study confirms the importance of ultrasound as an additional test in the study of breast cancer. However, this method becomes increasingly less sensitive and specific as the size of the tumour decreases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Early marginal leakage and shear bond strength of adhesive restorative systems.

The aims of this study were to assess in vitro the early marginal seal effectiveness in Class V restorations at the cemento-enamel junction, and the early shear bond strength of several composite and dentin bonding system combinations. The seal effectiveness was studied by evaluating the dye penetrations: (a) along the superficial margin of restorations (width of surface microleakage); (b) along the dentin cavity walls (length of microleakage); and (c) toward the pulp (depth of microleakage). Good correlations were demonstrated among the seal evaluations, but no relationships were apparent between these and shear bond strength. Our study suggests that the marginal seal is influenced by composite properties more than by bonding agents. The shear bond analysis indicates only the adhesive potential of the materials without considering the composite shrinkage effects on marginal gap after the photocuring setting reactions.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1990

Chlorpromazine disposition in relation to age in children.

The pharmacokinetics of chlorpromazine after intravenous infusion were studied in 25 children. The pharmacokinetic parameters studied are markedly different from those reported for adults. A clear relationship was demonstrated between age, serum terminal half-life (r = 0.75) and systemic clearance (r = -0.43). It appears that the pharmacokinetics of chlorpromazine are more rapid in children than in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Shear bond strength and SEM evaluation of dentinal bonding systems.

Shear bond strength of seven dentin bonding systems (DBS) was evaluated. After shear bond testing, the specimens were analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Buccal dentin just below the dentin-enamel junction of erupted third molars of young subjects were used. A statistical difference was observed among the material bond values. SEM examination of both sides of the sheared bonds frequently showed an adhesive failure between dentin and bonding agents in the specimens where resin penetrated into the opened dentinal tubules. A complex cohesive fracture of both resin and dentin was observed for bonding agents that required the treatment of the smear layer, while a cohesive fracture in the smear layer thickness was noted when dentin was not altered by primer solutions. The study demonstrated that the DBS that require the removal of the smear layer showed a significantly higher shear bond strength and that the bond value reflects the mode of material fracture and the presence of smear layer.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1990

Metabolic effects induced by L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine in human hypoxic muscle tissue during exercise.

An experimental model was developed to investigate some metabolic effects of strenuous exercise in hypoxic muscle tissue of human volunteers. The incidence of carnitine supplementation was studied, assuming as marker the thiobarbituric acid reaction products analysed in plasma samples collected during the course of the protocol programme. Propionyl-L-carnitine appears to antagonize in a significant degree the damaging effects of muscle fatigue combined with hypoxic status. Under these conditions the detoxifying role played by propionyl-L-carnitine, previously reported in various tissues and in other pathological conditions, appears to be relevant, although further studies are needed to elucidate the pharmacodynamics of this molecule.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1990

[Glass ionomer cements and dentinal pretreatments: the evaluation of their adhesion to the dentin].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the shear bond strength test of two glass-ionomer cements (G C cement and Ketac Bond) after different chemical pretreatments of dentine surface. The following dentine pretreatments were used: sodium hypochlorite, polyacrylic acid, tannic acid, H3PO4, FeCl3, Fe ossalate, Tubulicid, H2O2 and aqueous solution as control. Flat dentine surface of human extracted teeth was treated with the chemical agents, washed and dried. Cylindrical specimens of glass-ionomer cement were applied on dentine surface. After 24 hours in humidifier the specimens were tested in a universal testing machine. A significant higher bond was obtained only from polyacrylic acid and sodium hypochlorite treatments. The present results suggest that dentine pretreatment represent an essential step in composite resin/glass-ionomer cement restorations.

Adhesiveness↗