PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Moore

Publications and source records attributed to G Moore.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A laboratory evaluation of the decontamination properties of microfibre cloths.

Standards of cleanliness in health care continue to attract attention. Effective cleaning requires the input of energy, and microfibre cloths may help in the physical removal of soil. The ability of these cloths to remove organic soil (measured by ATP) and bacteria was compared with paper towel and a conventional cloth in controlled wet and dry conditions. When used wet on a dry surface, the cleaning ability of six different microfibre cloths was variable, and in most cases, not significantly better than paper towel or a conventional cloth. One type of microfibre cloth did perform significantly better than the others and paper towel in reducing both organic soil and microbial load. When used dry on a dry surface, there was no significant difference between the cloths, and none of the cloths reduced microbial and organic bioburden effectively. The ability of the cloths to recontaminate the surface was also tested, and some of the microfibre cloths transferred significantly less organic debris and micro-organisms back to the surface than other cloths. Different makes of microfibre cloths have different characteristics, and the name 'microfibre' should not imply superior cleaning efficacy.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed2006

Placental pathology of recurrent spontaneous abortion: the role of histopathological examination of products of conception in routine clinical practice: a mini review.

BACKGROUND: Histopathological examination of products of conception from miscarriages is part of routine clinical practice. The extent of additional clinically relevant information provided by this investigation in the setting of recurrent spontaneous abortion remains uncertain. METHODS: Review of the literature was performed to identify studies reporting on findings of histological examination of routinely obtained products of conception in the setting of recurrent spontaneous abortion. The initial search identified 312 potential references, but 300 were excluded on further examination due to lack of data on specific histopathological findings in routine products of conception specimens from patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. The 12 included studies indicated that such examination may identify hydatidiform moles, villous dysmorphic features suggesting fetal aneuploidy, chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) and massive perivillous fibrin deposition and impaired trophoblast invasion. However, in most cases, morphological assessment cannot reliably determine the cause of the miscarriage or distinguish recurrent from sporadic miscarriage. Studies reporting on the use of additional immunohistochemical methods do not currently provide additional clinically useful diagnostic or prognostic information. CONCLUSION: Routine histological examination of products of conception in the setting of recurrent spontaneous abortion can provide important clinical information in a minority of cases.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2006

Imprinted genes and their role in human fetal growth.

Growth is defined as the progressive increase in size and is listed as one of the eight main characteristics of life. In human gestation the most rapid growth phase is from 16 to 32 weeks when first there is both cell number and size increase and then from 32 weeks onwards there is continued size increase (Pollack and Divon, 1992). The mechanism of growth in utero is of fundamental interest to clinicians and scientists because of its implications for neonatal health. Growth is multifactorial in origin with both genetics and environment contributing equally large parts. Despite this complexity analysis of the candidate genes involved is possible using simple tissue biopsies at the relevant stages of development. Of particular interest in understanding fetal growth is the analysis of a group of genes that show a parent-of-origin effect known as genomic imprinting. Imprinted genes are not only found in eutherian (placental) and metatherian (marsupial) mammals but surprisingly also in plants. Nevertheless, their evolution in mammals appears to be linked primarily to placentation. It is thought to result from a potential conflict between the parents in terms of the drive to successfully propagate their own separate genes and the mother's added drive for her survival through the pregnancy to reproduce again. This means that the mother wants to restrict fetal growth and the father to enhance it.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Molecular analysis of holocentric centromeres of Luzula species.

Luzula spp, like the rest of the members of the Juncaceae family, have holocentric chromosomes. Using the rice 155-bp centromeric tandem repeat sequence (RCS2) as a probe, we have isolated and characterized a 178-bp tandem sequence repeat (LCS1) from Luzula nivea. The LCS1 sequence is present in all Luzula species tested so far (except L. pilosa) and like other satellite repeats found in heterochromatin, the cytosine residues are methylated within the LCS1 repeats. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments we have shown that there are at least 5 large clusters of LCS1 sequences distributed at heterochromatin regions along each of the 12 chromosomes of L. nivea. We have shown that a centromeric antibody Skp1 co-localizes with these heterochromatin regions and with the LCS1 sequences. This suggests that the LCS1 sequences are part of regions which function as centromeres on these holocentric chromosomes. Furthermore, using the BrdU assay to identify replication sites, we have shown that these heterochromatin sites containing LCS1 associate when being replicated in root interphase nuclei. Our results also show premeiotic chromosome association during anther development as indicated by single-copy BAC in situ and the presence of fewer LCS1 containing heterochromatin sites in these cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Mild to moderate clinical mastitis: efficacy of intramammary amoxicillin, frequent milk-out, a combined intramammary amoxicillin, and frequent milk-out treatment versus no treatment.

Study objectives were to determine the efficacy of 4 methods (intramammary amoxicillin, frequent milk-out, a combined intramammary amoxicillin and frequent milk-out, and no treatment) of managing mild to moderate clinical mastitis in a university dairy herd. Clinical and microbiological cures, milk production, disease progression, and California Mastitis Tests scores were evaluated. Cows meeting the study criteria were assigned to one of four treatment options based on a systematic randomization scheme (blocked by stage of lactation). Treatments were initiated prior to knowledge of culture results. Cows were observed and evaluated on d 1 to 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36. Overall, treatments were not significantly different than controls. However, when efficacy was evaluated by pathogen group, differences were observed. Intramammary amoxicillin appeared to be the most efficacious treatment for environmental streptococci. Frequent milk-out appeared to be detrimental for environmental streptococci. Treatment method appeared to have little effect on Escherichia coli mastitis, as nearly all cases recovered within a short time frame. None of the treatments were satisfactory for cases of Klebsiella mastitis. When obtained in a timely manner, treatment selection for clinical mastitis should be based on culture results.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed2003

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on exercise-induced muscle soreness.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of HBO2 therapy on exercise-induced muscle soreness. Subjects (n = 6 male and 10 female university student volunteers) were randomly divided into an experimental group that received HBO2 therapy and a control group that did not receive any treatments. HBO2 treatments consisted of 5 sessions of breathing 95% oxygen at 2.5 atm abs for 100 min. Temporary muscle soreness was created using a single-leg eccentric exercise task involving the quadriceps femoris. Over the next 14 days, measurements were obtained on muscle soreness, leg circumference, quadriceps peak torque, quadriceps average power, fatigue and plasma creatine kinase. After eccentric exercise, plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels and perceived muscle soreness were elevated but were not different between HBO2 and control groups. HBO2 therapy did not alter leg circumference, quadriceps peak torque, average power or fatigue compared to the control group. Faster recovery was observed in the HBO2 group on day 3 following the exercise protocol with perceived muscle soreness still elevated for the control group but not different from baseline for the HBO2 group. The data indicated that five HBO2 treatments did not speed recovery following eccentric exercise that induced temporary muscle soreness.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

BEC transition temperature of a dilute homogeneous imperfect Bose gas.

The leading-order effect of interactions on a homogeneous Bose gas is theoretically predicted to shift the critical temperature by an amount DeltaT(c) approximately equal to ca(sc)n(1/3)T(0) from the ideal gas result T(0), where a(sc) is the scattering length, n is the density, and c is a pure number. There have been several different theoretical estimates for c. We claim to settle the issue by measuring the numerical coefficient in a lattice simulation of O(2) straight phi(4) field theory in three dimensions-an effective theory which, as observed previously in the literature, can be systematically matched to the dilute Bose gas problem to reproduce nonuniversal quantities such as the critical temperature. We find c = 1.32+/-0.02.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

The Ph1 locus is needed to ensure specific somatic and meiotic centromere association.

The correct pairing and segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is essential for genetic stability and subsequent fertility. This is more difficult to achieve in polyploid species, such as wheat, because they possess more than one diploid set of similar chromosomes. In wheat, the Ph1 locus ensures correct homologue pairing and recombination. Although clustering of telomeres into a bouquet early in meiosis has been suggested to facilitate homologue pairing, centromeres associate in pairs in polyploid cereals early during floral development. We can now extend this observation to root development. Here we show that the Ph1 locus acts both meiotically and somatically by reducing non-homologous centromere associations. This has the effect of promoting true homologous association when centromeres are induced to associate. In fact, non-homologously associated centromeres separate at the beginning of meiosis in the presence, but not the absence, of Ph1. This permits the correction of homologue association during the telomere-bouquet stage in meiosis. We conclude that the Ph1 locus is not responsible for the induction of centromere association, but rather for its specificity.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2001

Rice--the pivotal genome in cereal comparative genetics.

Over the past 15 years rice has been the focus of intense co-ordinated research activity to apply the new molecular biology to this key staple. The fact that rice has a small tractable genome and the development of genetic and genomic tools not available in any other cereal have now ensured the promotion of rice as a favoured research target. However the discovery that gene content and gene order--genome colinearity--have been maintained among all the Poaceae family for some 60 million years of evolution has elevated rice yet further to the status of a 'model' organism. Rice tools can be applied in research on the other major cereals, wheat and maize, and many aspects of rice genetics can be transferred to the many minor economic grass species that have not themselves warranted extensive research and breeding. In this paper we describe some of the applications of the discovery of extensive synteny among the grasses.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2001

Evolutionary conservation, developmental expression, and genomic mapping of mammalian Twisted gastrulation.

The twisted gastrulation gene (tsg) encodes a secreted protein required for the correct specification of dorsal midline cell fate during gastrulation in Drosophila. We report that tsg homologs from human, mouse, zebrafish, and Xenopus share 72-98% identity at the amino acid level and retain all 24 cysteine residues from Drosophila. In contrast to Drosophila where tsg expression is limited to early embryos, expression is found throughout mouse and human development. In Drosophila, tsg acts in synergy with decapentaplegic (dpp), a member of the TGF-beta family of secreted proteins. The vertebrate orthologs of dpp, BMP-2 and -4, are crucial for gastrulation and neural induction, and aberrant signaling by BMPs and other TGF-beta family members results in developmental defects including holoprosencephaly (HPE). Interestingly, human TSG maps to the HPE4 locus on Chromosome 18p11.3, and our analysis places the gene within 5 Mbp of TG-interacting factor (TGIF).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Evidence from skewed X inactivation for trisomy mosaicism in Silver-Russell syndrome.

The finding of maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 (matUPD7) in approximately 7% of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) cases has lead to the assumption that imprinted gene(s) on chromosome 7 are responsible for at least some cases. However, the observation in a familial case that both maternal and paternal inheritance of proximal 7p results in an SRS-like phenotype suggests that the causative genes may not be imprinted, and that an extra copy of genes within this region cause SRS. As all cases of complete matUPD7 could have arisen by trisomy rescue, it is possible that undetected trisomy 7 mosaicism contributes towards the phenotype of SRS, and that the matUPD7 seen in some cases is a consequence of trisomy rescue. Previous studies in cases of trisomy rescue for a number of autosomes have shown a strong association with skewed X inactivation in diploid tissues. Thus, we hypothesised that if trisomy mosaicism was involved in SRS, the frequency of skewed X inactivation should be increased in a population of non-matUPD7 SRS patients. Consistent with this hypothesis, results showed a significant increase in the frequency of completely skewed X inactivation in SRS patients (three of 29) when compared to controls (three of 270), suggesting the possible presence of undetected trisomy 7 in SRS patients and/or their placentas.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of in-feed tylosin phosphate for the treatment of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

The efficacy of tylosin phosphate for the treatment of necrotic enteritis (NE) was investigated in a floor pen study of 2,000 broiler chickens. A model in which Clostridium perfringens was administered in the feed on Days 14 to 16 was used to initiate an outbreak of NE. Treatments, allocated at the pen level in a randomized complete block design, consisted of five levels of tylosin phosphate (0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 ppm) administered in the feed on Days 15 to 22, following the identification of an outbreak of NE on Day 15. Mortality due to NE was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for medicated birds at all dose levels of tylosin phosphate compared to unmedicated birds. Mean NE lesion scores on Day 17 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by all levels of tylosin treatment compared to those of unmedicated birds, decreasing linearly from 2.66 at 0 ppm to 0.38 at 100 ppm and 0 at higher doses. Tylosin at all levels provided improvement in Day 29 body weight, average daily gain, feed to gain ratio, and average daily feed intake compared to unmedicated birds. The results of this study provide evidence that tylosin phosphate, when administered in feed, is effective in the treatment of clinical outbreaks of NE in broiler chickens and suggest that the optimal dose for this purpose is 100 ppm.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Advocates for culture, advocates for health.

For the first time in its history, the Health Advocacy Award has been granted to a group of nurses--the Nuu-chah-nulth Community and Human Services Community Health Nurses on Vancouver Island. They have been recognized for their advocacy in providing culturally sensitive nursing care to the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations.

Awards and Prizes↗