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Biomedical subjects

G Moriette

Publications and source records attributed to G Moriette.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Arterial pressure in newborn infants during the first 72 hours of life].

Arterial pressure (AP) (systolic, mean and diastolic) was recorded during the first 72 hours of life in 93 neonates, 27 to 42 weeks of gestational age and weighing 800 to 4,600 g, i.e. in stable hemodynamic and respiratory conditions. 4,464 measurements were performed. Results show that the 3 AP parameters increase with gestational age and birth weight and that AP increases with age after birth in full term as well as premature children. The physiologic variability of AP in full term and premature children accounts for the difficulty of establishing standards and for the need of a permanent recording of this parameter.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

The efficacy of caffeine in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic apnea in premature infants.

This prospective controlled study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of caffeine in treating recurrent idiopathic apnea in the premature infant. Eighteen preterm infants (29 to 35 weeks' gestation) were studied. Recordings during the first 24 hours and on the fifth day of caffeine treatment showed a significant decrease of severe apnea (P less than 0.01) and of mild apnea (P less than 0.001) in the treated group (group 1) as compared with the control group (group II). No treatment of apnea other than caffeine was required in group I, whereas six neonates in group II had such severe and frequent apneic episodes for more than 48 hours that withholding additional treatment was believed to be unethical. No undesirable side effects of caffeine treatment were observed.

Apnea↗
PubMed1981

[Acute retinopathy of prematurity following oxygen therapy: current concepts (author's transl)].

Five cases of retinopathy of prematurity have been observed among 1,750 premature infants at the Florence Geller Center in Cochin-Port-Royal--C.H.U. over a period of four years. In all cases, arterial PaO2 was more than 100 mmHg at least once. In the two worst cases, oxygen therapy given only during the first had been hours of life. The authors insist on the dangers of oxygen overdose immediately after birth or during transport to a Premature Infants Center. Laser photocoagulation was employed in four eyes: 2 with regression, 1 with cicatrisation, 1 with fibroplasia. Retinopathy of prematurity remains a danger in France, even if it is not as frequent as in the U.S.A. or Japan. Indirect ophthalmoscopy is essential for diagnosis and fluorography very useful to determine prognosis and treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Glucose and insulin blood levels in low birth weight neonates under exclusive parenteral nutrition (author's transl)].

In 31 low birth weight neonates under exclusive parenteral nutrition, insulin levels were studied and compared to blood glucose levels. Mean birth weight was 1,261 g (950 to 1,500). Gestational age was 30 weeks (27 to 40). Before the 48th hour of life, mean blood glucose level (+/- standard error) was 3.61 (+/- 0.24) mmol/l. Insulin level was 116 (+/- 30) pmole/l. After the 48th hour, the values were 4.36 (+/- 0.58) and 158 (+/- 46) respectively. There is a significant correlation between blood glucose and insulin levels (r = 0.62 p < 0.001). Hyperglycemia was present in 4 cases (> 7 mmol/l) and revealed severe pathology. These 4 children were those with the highest insulin levels. There was no significant relationship between insulin level, gestational age, postnatal age or birth weight.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

[The value of fibrinogen concentrations in neonatal bacterial infections of maternal origin (author's transl)].

The changes of fibrinogen levels in the neonatal period have been systematically studied in the neonatal intensive care unit at Port-Royal Hospital. A prospective study has been performed in 29 children with bacterial infections which were definitely of maternal origin. High fibrinogen levels persist as long as the infection remains active. Return of fibrinogen levels to normal could be considered as a criterion, if not of cure, at least of the efficacy of treatment.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Respiratory variability according to sleep states during mechanical ventilation: a polygraphic study in a baby with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.

Polygraphic recordings were performed at 1 and 2 months of age in mechanically ventilated baby (25-27 insufflations per min) with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. The EEG and the sleep organisation were normal for the given age. The breathing patterns were state dependent. Autonomous breathing movements and phasic inspiratory intercostal EMG were present during both wakefulness and active sleep (AS). In quiet sleep (QS) the respiration was usually passive, completly dependent on the respirator. Small autonomous breathings can occur in some periods of QS, simultaneously with the appearance of numerous skin potential responses. These results are probably related to the differences between the respiratory control in QS and in AS.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1979

[Coumarin-induced fetal abnormalities and stippled epiphyses].

The ability of most anticoagulants (except heparin) to cross the placenta and the consequent hemorrhage in the fetus has been recognized for some time (3). A teratogenic effect specifically attributed to warfarin sodium is a more recent finding (7, 9, 10). The following is a case report of a newborn with clinical and roentgenographic features similar to the cases reported previously.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

[Plasma vasopressin in premature infants on mechanical ventilation].

A systematic study has been undertaken to improve the understanding of water regulation in premature babies who are artificially ventilated. Thirty nine premature babies, 16 normal (Group N, GA 31.4 weeks, B/W 1622 g) and 23 with respiratory distress syndrome who were ventilated with or without continuous positive pressure (Group V, GA 31 weeks, BW 1505 g) have been studied. Plasma osmolalities were the same in both groups (284 and 282 mosM/Kg H2O) but there were significant differences (p less than 0.001) between the urine osmolalities N = 150.6 +/- 19.6 V = 294 +/- 25.9 mosM/Kg H2O) and the plasma ADH levels of the two groups (N = 2.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml, V = 12.2 +/- 2.4 pg/ml). There was a significant correlation between the urine osmolality and the plasma ADH level but not between plasma osmolality and the plasma ADH level. Several hypotheses can be proposed but none are satisfactory.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary function at 1 year of age in survivors of neonatal respiratory distress: a multivariate analysis of factors associated with sequelae.

We studied pulmonary function 1 year after neonatal respiratory distress (RD) in 54 infants who had been treated at birth in the same neonatal intensive care unit. RD was related to hyaline membrane disease in 36 cases (group I) and to other causes in 18 cases (group II). Compared with predicted values, dynamic lung compliance (CL) was lower (less than -2 SD) and total pulmonary resistance (RL) was higher (+2 SD) in 18 (33%) and 12 (22%) infants, respectively. The relationships between these functional abnormalities at 1 year of age and the characteristics of the neonatal respiratory disease were assessed using a multifactorial analysis (multiple correspondences analysis). We found that elevated RL (greater than +2 SD) at 1 year of age was very significantly related with hyaline membrane disease, involving both high rate of positive pressure ventilation and prolonged intubation, and with the presence of both tachypnea and abnormal chest X rays at the time of discharge. Compared with elevated RL, the relationships between low CL (less than -2 SD) and the same neonatal characteristics were less significant; in particular, there was no strong link between low CL and hyaline membrane disease. Finally, birth before 30 weeks gestation was an index of severity.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Percutaneous catheterization. Experience in a neonatal intensive care unit].

157 percutaneous catheterizations were performed in 114 neonates. Besides the advantages of a central catheter, this easier technique allows to save the large vessels. However, the risks of severe complications (5 septicemias, 5 intrathoracic effusions of which 5 deaths) lead to strictly restrict its indications. Complications should be avoided with a perfect technique: strict asepsis and positioning of the end of catheter.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unilateral interstitial emphysema in the newborn (apropos of 4 case reports)].

Four prematurely born neonates who where mechanically ventilated with CPAP for respiratory distress have developed severe unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Some particular circumstances can be pointed out in these cases. Spontaneous worsening is usual. Selective bronchial intubation protects the overinflated lung. It allowed total improvement of the lung function for the 3 cases who underwent this treatment. Although no major complications have been noticed, it is mandatory to suck out regularly bronchial secretions accumulated in the excluded lung.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraventricular hemorrhages in hyaline membrane disease].

Twenty prematures children with hyaline membrane disease treated by artificial ventilation under continuous alveolar distension pressure, died after intra-ventricular hemorrhage (group I). These cases have been compared to 20 surviving children, with respiratory diseases of similar severity, and supposed to be uninjured with regard to such cerebral lesions (group II). During the first two days of life, the frequency of important hypothermia, hemodynamic instability with tendency to collapse, metabolic or mixed recurring acidosis were significantly more frequent in group I than in group II. These abnormalities probably promote bleeding; their practical consequences are discussed. On the other hand, perinatal suffering and distrubances in blood coagulation do not take a determinant part. The further aggravation of the neurological status, after an lay phase, unexplained and important hematocrit drop, presence of blood at lumber puncture and, overall, at the electro-encephalogram rolandic sharp spikeswaves constitute the major arguments for the diagnosis of hemorrhage.

Acidosis↗