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Biomedical subjects

G Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to G Morrison.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Node-negative breast carcinoma treated without adjuvant systemic therapy.

In this prospective study, 167 consecutive patients with node-negative invasive breast cancer were treated without adjuvant systemic therapy in a community hospital from 1974 through 1984. The median follow-up for living patients was 84 months. Ninety-three percent of patients had disease classified as T1, N0, M0 or T2, N0, M0. Overall survival at 5 years was 81% and at 10 years, 66%. Adjusted survival rates, which excluded patients who died without breast cancer, were 91% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years. Relapse-free survival rates were 74% at 5 years and 61% at 10 years. T status, age, menopausal status, histology, estrogen receptor status, nuclear grade, and sinus histiocytosis were evaluated as prognostic indicators. It was difficult for the pathologists to assign a single value for nuclear grade; however, univariate analysis showed a significant difference in outcome between patients with nuclear grade 1 versus nuclear grade 4 lesions. Patient age is important in the decision regarding adjuvant therapy in that patients aged 70 and older are much more likely to die without breast cancer recurrence. By multivariate analysis, tumor size was the only independently significant factor (P less than .0125).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Comparison between a standard pancreatic supplement and a high enzyme preparation in cystic fibrosis.

This study compared the relative effectiveness of a standard pancreatic enzyme supplement ('Creon', Duphar) and a new preparation ('Pancrease HL', Cilag) containing about 3 times the lipase and more than 5 times the protease activity. Capsule dosage was adjusted to a ratio of approximately 3:1. Fat balances showed that absorption of fat did not change significantly on conversion to the new high-lipase product, and the coefficient of absorption of total energy was similarly maintained. The coefficient of protein absorption was significantly enhanced with the high enzyme preparation (P less than 0.01), which may explain the reported subjective improvement in stool odour. No adverse effects were recorded. Patient acceptability of the new compound was high; the great reduction in the number of capsules required at each meal was cited by all patients as the reason for their preference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Neurotensin, vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and gastrin levels in plasma and portal venous blood in experimental mesenteric ischaemia.

The effect of mesenteric ischaemia on the levels of neurotensin, vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and gastrin in portal venous blood and in the peripheral circulation was studied in two groups of 7 and 6 baboons (Papio ursinus). In peripheral blood a decreasing trend in levels of neurotensin was observed, while vaso-active intestinal polypeptide and gastrin levels were unchanged. There was a similar trend in neurotensin levels in portal venous blood, together with an increasing trend in levels of vaso-active intestinal polypeptide. Gastrin levels were unchanged. Further investigation of these apparent trends in a large number of animals is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Transient blindness following epidural analgesia.

A 43-year-old woman was given an epidural injection of steroid mixed with local anaesthetic, under general anaesthesia, for treatment of low back pain. In the recovery room she complained of blindness in one eye. Fundoscopy revealed retinal and vitreous haemorrhages in both eyes. Retinal haemorrhages can be caused by an increase in intracranial pressure and are therefore a possible complication of epidural anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lack of probenecid effect on nonrenal excretion of ceftriaxone in anephric patients.

Probenecid has been shown to decrease renal and biliary excretion of organic acids. In a randomized crossover study, the effect of coadministered probenecid on nonrenal excretion of ceftriaxone was studied in six functionally anephric patients in whom ceftriaxone is eliminated exclusively by nonrenal or presumably by biliary excretion. Each patient received 0.5 g IV ceftriaxone without and with probenecid (0.5 g at 10 and 2 hours prior to ceftriaxone and 0.5 g q12h X 3 doses post ceftriaxone). Serial blood samples were collected over 48 hours and plasma analyzed for ceftriaxone by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic analysis was based on a model-independent approach. Probenecid did not significantly affect the disposition of ceftriaxone in this study, thus suggesting that nonrenal excretion of ceftriaxone is not inhibited by probenecid.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of intraperitoneal thioTEPA in patients with ovarian cancer.

A total of 15 patients with residual ovarian cancer confined to the peritoneal cavity after first-line systemic chemotherapy were treated with triethylene-thiophosphoramide (thioTEPA) in a phase I study. A total of 50 courses of thioTEPA were given intraperitoneally in doses ranging from 30 to 80 mg/m2. The dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, which occurred at 80 mg/m2 and was frequently prolonged. Short-lived nausea and vomiting was easily controlled, and there was no local toxicity. Three patients remain free of disease progression at 6, 6 and 12 months. ThioTEPA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography. Peritoneal fluid concentrations declined rapidly in a first-order fashion, with a half-life of 0.96 +/- 0.1 h. A mean of 93% of the drug was absorbed during the 4-h dwell time. Peak plasma levels were achieved 30-60 min after drug instillation and were substantially lower than corresponding peritoneal levels. A pharmacokinetic advantage for intraperitoneal delivery was detected for peak drug concentration (24.9 +/- 8.5) and AUC (9.2 +/- 4.8). Based on this study, the recommended dose for intraperitoneal thioTEPA is 60 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. However, the rapid absorption of this drug from the peritoneum, secondary to thioTEPA's small molecular weight and lipophilic nature, suggests that it has only a limited role in intraperitoneal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

CT scanning in patients following surgery on the tongue and floor of mouth.

Computed tomographic (CT) scanning was performed on 15 patients who had undergone carefully documented major surgery for malignancy to the tongue and floor of mouth in order to assess appearances of the face and neck following extensive resection. The appearances following a variety of operations, often with reconstruction, were identified. Familiarity with the normal post-operative anatomy allows the recognition of small volume recurrent tumour and the implementation of appropriate treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Effects of clinical maneuvers on sonographically determined internal jugular vein size during venous cannulation.

We sought to define variations in internal jugular vein (IJV) anatomy and the effect of recommended cannulation maneuvers on a population of ICU patients. Maneuvers that decreased IJV lumen cross-sectional area were carotid artery palpation (1.48 to 0.82 cm2, p less than .05) and advancement of the needle (1.57 to 0.75 cm2, p less than .001). The head-down (modified Trendelenburg) position increased IJV lumen cross-sectional area (1.18 to 1.62 cm2, p less than .05). There was wide variability in IJV anatomic features, although most patients had patent veins.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1990

Focal resection for malignant partial seizures in infancy.

There is little experience with excisional surgery for drug-resistant partial seizures in very young patients. We describe our experience with 5 infants under 1 year of age with malignant partial seizures and deteriorating developmental status. All were experiencing frequent daily seizures that did not respond to 1st-line antiepileptic medications at high therapeutic serum levels and considerable medication toxicity. Three infants had complete resection of epileptic tissue (frontal corticectomy and prefrontal lobectomy) and are seizure-free. Two underwent partial resection (lateral temporal lobectomy, frontal corticectomy with anterior callosotomy) and have experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency. Surgery did not result in any significant neurologic deficit or lead to compromise of developmental status. From these data, we tentatively conclude that excisional surgery can be performed safely in selected infants with medically uncontrolled malignant partial seizures and may significantly improve long-term seizure status. Referral to a tertiary center specializing in early childhood epilepsy surgical evaluation may be considered in these circumstances.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1990

Expression of attachment proteins during cementogenesis.

There is general agreement that during development the extracellular environment plays a critical role in controlling cell differentiation. Data generated from numerous studies support the possibility that cell attachment proteins and their corresponding cell receptors are possible candidates for this role. In particular, our studies are directed at identifying attachment proteins in mature cementum and establishing the function of these proteins during root formation. Fractionation of guanidine HCL/EDTA extracts of cementum revealed the presence of a bone-associated attachment, BSP, as well as fractions containing as of yet undetermined attachment proteins. Immunofluorescent examination of 1st molar tissues during root formation, obtained from 7 day-old mice neonates, for bone-associated attachment proteins indicated that osteopontin is expressed in the area of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, but not in the region of the dental papillae. However, dental papillae cells, considered to have the capacity to form cementum, attached to osteopontin coated dishes, in vitro. Thus, unique attachment proteins, as well as those previously identified, were found in mature cementum and during root development. Future studies focused on identifying attachment proteins of mature cementum and determining the spatial and temporal localization of these proteins, pre- and post-cementogenesis, will provide important information necessary for establishing the function of these proteins during root development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Sucralfate interactions with gastric mucus.

Sucralfate protects the stomach against a number of experimental damaging agents and is efficacious in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It binds with acidity to the base of an ulcer to form a protective barrier. Sucralfate also enhances prostaglandin synthesis and release in the mucosa. In this study, the rat stomach was examined to determine sucralfate's interaction with gastric mucus. Mucus in the rat stomach forms a distinct and continuous blanket. In snap-frozen samples, pretreatment with phosphate-buffered saline as a control shows a layer of mucus of homogeneous structure thinner than the homogeneous layer after pretreatment with antibodies developed against rat gastric mucus. Pretreatment with the surface protective agent sucralfate shows some increase in the thickness of mucus with a thin dense sublayer adjacent to the epithelium and a less dense-appearing outer zone of variable thickness. Analysis of x-rays generated by the electron beam on windows of mucus and epithelium showed the expected gradients of sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur. The percentage of aluminum and sulfur in the mucus was higher in sucralfate-treated samples than in controls. Interaction between sucralfate and gastric mucus needs further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Metabolic effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities. These include lipid abnormalities, most commonly hypertriglyceridemia, increased VLDL and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels; carbohydrate abnormalities, a result of the absorption of large quantities of glucose; protein losses, consisting of albumin and amino acid losses; and a propensity to obesity. The pathogenesis and possible consequences of these abnormalities are discussed.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1988

Metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma to the mandible: a case report.

Transitional-cell carcinoma to the mandible is an uncommon occurrence. Only three cases have been reported in the literature. This is a case report of such a metastasis, the first diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. Emphasis is placed on the cytologic features of the tumor cells.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Effect of chronic renal failure on oxaprozin multiple-dose pharmacokinetics.

The effects of renal disease on the steady-state kinetics of oxaprozin were assessed in eight patients on hemodialysis with normal serum albumin levels and eight normal subjects who received six doses. A larger clearance and volume of distribution at steady state for total and unbound oxaprozin occurred in the patients on hemodialysis. The elimination half-lives were not different. The mean total AUC, peak concentration, average steady-state plasma concentration, and trough concentration for total and unbound oxaprozin were decreased in the patients on hemodialysis. These differences are consistent with impaired absorption of oxaprozin in patients on hemodialysis. The higher dose-averaged unbound fraction of oxaprozin in plasma in patients on hemodialysis may be caused by endogenous binding inhibitors. Because clearance was not reduced in patients on hemodialysis, the dose of oxaprozin may not need to be reduced when albumin levels are normal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Universal spondylodiscitis in a patient with erosive peripheral arthritis and apatite crystal deposition.

A patient with erosive peripheral arthritis in whom vasculitis and monoclonal IgG kappa paraprotein were associated with sacroiliitis and widespread destruction of intervertebral discs is reported. Crystals resembling apatite were identified in intervertebral disc material, and we postulate that the discitis was accelerated by apatite deposition. Our case illustrates a unique example of axial involvement in rapidly progressive joint disease.

Adult↗