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Biomedical subjects

G Mukwaya

Publications and source records attributed to G Mukwaya.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Phase II studies with DaunoXome in patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical and pharmacokinetic outcomes.

A total of 14 Chinese patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma received a liposomal formulation of daunorubicin (DaunoXome) at a dose equivalent to 100 mg/m2 of the free drug every 3 weeks. Altogether, 12 patients were assessable for response; 2 patients had stable disease for 8 weeks, but all eventually developed progressive disease and there was no responder. The drug was well tolerated, with no evidence of cardiac toxicity being observed. Deterioration of liver-function tests was attributed to progressive tumors in the terminal stage of the disease. Pharmacokinetics studies revealed a biexponential decay for daunorubicin in association with mean initial and terminal half-lives of 1.8 and 7.4 h, respectively, and a mean total clearance of 15.0+/-5.5 ml/min. The AUC ratio between the metabolite daunorubicinol and daunorubicin was 0.07. These data differ markedly from the pharmacokinetics of the free drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels and associated factors amongst HIV-infected children.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the spectrum of serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (SIE) levels amongst HIV-infected children aged < 13 years in relation to the levels among healthy children as well as those with renal failure; to examine the relationship between clinical and laboratory parameters and SIE levels. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with a descriptive non-interventional format. HIV-infected Canadian subjects were recruited through four tertiary Canadian and one Bahamian centre. Children with renal failure and healthy children were recruited from one of the Canadian centres. METHODS: Study subjects had clinical and laboratory profiles determined at baseline and at each of five follow-up periods over 1 year. SIE levels were measured by radioimmunoassay with a normal range of 12-28 IU/I. Data handling and statistical functions were performed by the Canadian HIV Trials Network. RESULTS: The study enrolled 133 HIV-infected subjects and 38 controls. Of these, 117 HIV-infected subjects, 24 healthy controls, and 11 controls with renal failure were eligible for analysis. The median age of infected subjects was 44 months, whereas that of healthy controls was 56 months, and 95 months for controls with renal failure. The median SIE levels were 14 and 11 IU/I for subjects with renal failure and healthy subjects, respectively. The median SIE level was 61 IU/I among zidovudine (ZDV)-treated subjects and 22 IU/I among ZDV-naive HIV-infected subjects. HIV-infected children almost invariably had SIE levels < 200 IU/I. The median SIE levels amongst HIV-infected subjects whose hemoglobin levels were < 100 g/l were 98 and 31 IU/I for ZDV-treated and ZDV-naive subjects, respectively (P = 0.002). This difference in median SIE levels between ZDV-treated subjects and ZDV-naive subjects was also observed among subjects whose hemoglobin levels were > 100 g/l (median, 58 and 15 IU/l, respectively; P < 0.001). Hemoglobin level was the most important predictor of log10 SIE (P < 0.01 for ZDV-treated and ZDV-naive subjects). CONCLUSIONS: SIE levels amongst HIV-infected children were affected by HIV infection, use of ZDV, and presence or absence of anemia. SIE levels amongst HIV-infected children were generally lower than 200 IU/I. This characterization of SIE levels will facilitate clinical trials of exogenous recombinant human erythropoietin in HIV-infected children with anemia.

Anemia↗
PubMed1996

Phase II study of liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin in the treatment of AIDS-associated mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin (DaunoXome) in the treatment of AIDS-associated mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. DESIGN: A Phase II, multicentre, European, non-comparative, open study to assess the use of DaunoXome in patients with no prior anthracycline chemotherapy for Kaposi's sarcoma. The response rate, time to disease progression, and the incidence and severity of adverse events were documented. SETTING: Hospital-based HIV units. PATIENTS: Thirty HIV-seropositive patients with mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma were enrolled and treated. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with DaunoXome at a dose of 40 mg/m2 intravenously once every 2 weeks. Treatment with antiretroviral agents and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections where indicated. RESULTS: Of the 30 evaluable patients, 22 patients (73%) achieved a partial response. Median time to treatment response was 30 days (range, 15-202). For patients with a partial response, median time to treatment failure was 153 days (range, 15-558). Patients received a median of 10 cycles (range, 1-44). Adverse events were minimal. The most common side effect was granulocytopenia in 16 patients (53%). CONCLUSION: DaunoXome is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AIDS-associated mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma and can be administered for prolonged periods. The myelosuppression can be managed by dose reductions and dose not preclude the concurrent use of antiretroviral therapies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Recovery of Pseudomonas gladioli from respiratory tract specimens of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Pseudomonas gladioli was isolated from 11 patients with cystic fibrosis. It resembled Pseudomonas cepacia on the selective and differential medium OFPBL, producing yellow colonies after 48 to 72 h of incubation. Isolates were characterized biochemically, by DNA hybridization, and by cellular fatty acid analysis. A review of the clinical status of selected patients colonized by P. gladioli did not reveal any apparent association of this organism with infectious complications of cystic fibrosis. Thus, the clinical implications may differ depending on which of these two closely related species is reported by laboratories. Determination of the fatty acid profile of isolates by gas chromatography may be a useful adjunct to biochemical characterization as a means of identification. In contrast to P. cepacia, most isolates of P. gladioli contained 3-OH C10:0 fatty acid under the growth conditions used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Trends in meningococcal disease.

Meningococcal disease occurs in both endemic and epidemic forms. Current trends in the epidemiology and control of this disease are reviewed.

Bacterial Vaccines↗