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Biomedical subjects

G Murialdo

Publications and source records attributed to G Murialdo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cluster headache in the male: sex steroid pattern and gonadotropic response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone.

Serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstendione and 17 beta-estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and gonadotropic response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied in 34 male subjects with episodic or chronic cluster headache (CH). The sex steroid free fractions and those bound to SHBG and albumin were determined by a simulatory computerized method based on the mass action law. Individual steroid values were dispersed over a wide range in CH patients. Total, free and carrier protein-bound testosterone levels were significantly diminished only in chronic CH, where luteinizing hormone (LH) peak values after intravenous administration of LHRH were also decreased. Basal and peak follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were significantly increased in episodic and in chronic CH groups, in comparison to healthy controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thyrotropin and prolactin responses to different doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression.

The effects of low doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 50 and 200 micrograms) on thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin levels have been studied in depressed women and compared with the depressive condition and with the results of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). TRH administration elicited blunted hormonal responses that were not correlated either with the age of the patients or with DST results. Different effects were observed in subgroups of depressive patients classified according to DSM III and ICD. No correlation was found between hormone responses and the scores of Hamilton Rating Scale and Montgomery Depression Scale. The effects of 50 micrograms on TSH were significant and inversely correlated with Anxiety Rating Scale scores. No dose-response effect was apparent of prolactin and TSH in depressed patients, suggesting an impaired function of pituitary TRH receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Luteinizing hormone pulsatile secretion and pituitary response to gonadotropin releasing hormone and to thyrotropin releasing hormone in male epileptic subjects on chronic phenobarbital treatment.

Endocrine changes have been reported in treated epileptic subjects, who often exhibit sexual dysfunctions, but the endocrine effects of single antiepileptic drugs have not been completely elucidated. In this study we have investigated the influence of phenobarbital (PB) on adenopituitary function and on peripheral sexual steroid pattern in 8 epileptic males. Chronic PB treatment does not modify luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatile secretion. In the same subjects, LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) response to Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone was blunted with respect to healthy controls both in terms of absolute values and of secretion areas. No difference was found in prolactin (PRL) response to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone. In the epileptic group a significant increase in the levels of sex hormone binding globulin and a consequent decrease of the percent free testosterone have been observed. PB treatment also significantly lowers 17-beta-estradiol mean levels. These data suggest that PB independently affects both gonadotropin secretion and peripheral steroid pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in common migraine.

Intravenous administration of 50 micrograms or 200 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to men with common migraine elicited blunted prolactin (PRL) responses, when compared with healthy controls. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response was enhanced after 50 micrograms TRH in the migraineurs, but not after 200 micrograms. The physiologic TSH dose-response relationship was abolished in migraine sufferers. The data may be interpreted in the light of dopaminergic and noradrenergic supersensitivity, for PRL and TSH, respectively. The TSH response in migraine differs from the one that occurs in depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Changes in the dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion and in ovarian steroids in migraine.

Prolactin (PRL) responses to dopamine (DA) blockers and to direct and indirect DA agonists have been studied in 23 healthy women, 17 women with catamenial migraine and 17 with non-catamenial migraine in both their follicular and luteal phases. PRL responses to the DA blockers were greater in the follicular phase of both migraine groups than in controls. The inhibitory effect of nomifensine on PRL secretion was dampened in the follicular phase of both migraine groups. These findings demonstrate an increased PRL reserve in migraine and suggest the existence of a dopaminergic supersensitivity of the lactotrophic postsynaptic DA receptors. The impaired inhibitory effect of nomifensine on PRL secretion hints at a decrease of the presynaptic DA content in tuberoinfundibular DA neurons. In migrainous women 17-beta-oestradiol levels are higher in both ovarian phases, whereas progesterone concentrations and the progesterone to oestradiol ratio are lower than in healthy subjects in the luteal phase. These data suggest the existence of a change in the oestrogen-dependent modulation of pituitary DA receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of carbamazepine on prolactin secretion in normal subjects and in epileptic subjects.

The effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) on spontaneous secretion of prolactin (PRL) and after stimulation with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated. Volunteer subjects after acute CBZ administration, and epileptic subjects with complex partial seizures chronically treated with CBZ, were examined. In an epileptic group, CBZ did not change TRH stimulatory effect on PRL secretion. No appreciable changes of PRL spontaneous secretion were observed, and only a small increase of sleep-entrained values with preservation of the normal secretory circadian rhythm was noted, both in normal subjects and in epileptic subjects. This result could be explained by a serotoninergic activity of PRL changes produced by CBZ in these various conditions agrees with the absence of published reports of CBZ side effects associated with hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Benserazide effects on growth hormone, prolactin, and thyrotropin in normal and acromegalic man.

The effect of benserazide administration on the secretion of GH, PRL, and TSH has been considered as an index of dopamine regulatory actions. Nine acromegalic patients and nine normal subjects were given a single 125 mg oral dose of benserazide, and serum GH, PRL, and TSH were determined by RIA methods every 30 min for 4 h. Benserazide did not alter GH values either in normal subjects or in acromegalic patients. A significant increase of serum PRL was found in both groups, and the increase was similar in normoprolactinemic and in hyperprolactinemic acromegalic patients. A significant increase in TSH levels was found only in acromegalic patients. Thus, a decrease in dopamine outside the blood-brain barrier did not affect GH secretion, whereas PRL secretion was changed in the acromegalic as well as in the control group.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of functional periodicity of the pituitary gland by harmonic analysis.--III Circadian prolactin secretion in subjects with prolactin-secreting adenoma].

The 24-hour periodicity of PRL secretion in 7 prolactinoma subjects of both sexes has been studied by means of the Fourier's harmonic analysis. In all cases elevated PRL titres have been found, that did not show the physiological changes due to sleep and wake. In most of the cases could not be demonstrated either a significant secretory periodicity or secretory episodes occurred with a frequency higher than in the control groups. Such secretory features may depend on changes in the neoplastic cells' receptors for regulating neurotransmitters.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of functional periodicity of the pituitary gland by harmonic analysis.--IV) Circadian prolactin secretion in women with breast cancer].

Secretory periodicity of prolactin (PRL) is preserved in women with breast cancer in spontaneous or surgical menopause. Hormone titres occurring during the day may be occasionally significantly higher in respect to the ones observe in normal controls at the same hours. The periodicity features calculated by the Fourier's method show however normal indices, namely mesor (mean PRL titres in the 24 hours) phase, amplitude and frequency of oscillations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neuroendocrinological signs of central neurotransmission disorders.

Modulation mechanisms of nociception have several neurotransmission interactions that are impaired in the disorder of painful perceptions. Neurotransmission changes may show up in several ways on the clinical level. They also have endocrinological correlations, since the neurotransmission systems implicated in the nociception disorders share transmitters with the regulation system operating at the pituitary level. In this sense, nocipathies exhibit analogies and may be compared to disorders of motricity and behaviour that also show endocrine changes that may be likewise explained. Though specifically different in each instance, the neurotransmission alteration that is a common denominator of these disorders allows comparisons, especially in those situations, such as the nocipathic and behavioural ones, where correlations are relevant on clinical and interpretative grounds.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Effects of a single oral dose of phenobarbital on prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone in normal women.

The effects of a single oral dose of phenobarbital (PB) on the 24 h secretion of prolactin, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone have been evaluated in normal women. An EEG record was taken and barbiturate levels assayed in serum. A statistically significant decrease of growth hormone 24 h mean levels was observed and growth hormone and prolactin values during sleep were diminished. No changes in luteinizing hormone concentrations were observed. After PB the EEG showed no important alterations in sleep pattern, but on the power analysis an increase above 16 Hz absolute power was detected during the waking period.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of pituitary functional periodicity by harmonic analysis. I) Circadian somatotropin secretion in acromegaly].

STH circadian secretion has been investigated in 11 acromegalic patients. The physiological STH nocturnal surge is not present in acromegaly, but when data are evaluated by Fourier's cosines analysis, a rhythmicity is however found also in acromegaly. The characteristics of harmonics, namely periodicity, amplitudes and phases, are largely different in respect to pattern of normal subjects, where the rhythmicity is represented by an harmonics with 24-hour periodicity.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of pituitary functional periodicity by harmonic analysis. II) Circadian prolactin secretion in acromegaly].

PRL levels over 24 hours have been studied in 9 acromegalic patients (4 men and 4 women). Hormone levels were found significantly higher than age and sex matched normal subjects in 4 cases (2 males and 2 females). PRL and STH levels were significantly correlated in men, but not in women. A 24-hour periodicity of PRL secretion was found in 4 cases, however in 2 of them the phase was anticipated in respect to the control group. In 4 of the remaining subjects the hormone secretion is made up by a succession of episodes with higher frequency than in the control group. Only in one case no significant periodicity of secretion was observed.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1982

Neuroendocrine data in chronic post-traumatic headache.

Twenty chronic post-traumatic headache subjects (16 men and 4 women) were considered, together with age and sex matched normal controls. Pituitary function was challenged by means of luteinising hormone releasing hormone (100 microg, i.v.), thyrotropin (TSH) releasing hormone (200 microg, i.v.) and regular insulin (.1 U/kg, i.v.). The responses of gonadotropins, TSH, somatotropin (STH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied in the group as a whole and in clinical subgroups. No differences were found in the baseline levels of the hormones. No significant changes were observed in the responses of gonadotropins and STH. A decreased response was found for TSH and, in the female series, an enhanced response of PRL was observed. Patients complaining for a decreased libido showed a larger PRL response. The smaller response of TSH exhibits a straight inverse relationship to the clinical severity. The periodicity of PRL secretion studied in male patients with a harmonic analysis according to the Fourier's theorem showed the preservation of the physiological sleep-entrained night surge. The per cent incidence of the harmonics with a period shorter than 24 hours decreases according to the clinical severity, at variance to the finding in normal controls. The only persisting harmonic is the one with a 24 hour period. In the absence of major post-traumatic endocrine syndromes, post-traumatic headache subjects show changes of the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary secretion. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis of an hyperactivity of serotoninergic neurotransmission.

Adult↗