Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G N Krasovskiĭ.
The article deals with methodology of harmonizing hygienic standards in order to correct and improve Russian sanitary water legislation. This methodology allows drawing on the world experience in the field of water hygiene, which is profitable in terms of cost-effectiveness and can contribute greatly to the national legislation.
A set of criteria, indices and methods applicable to determining the threshold doses and concentrations of chemical substances was critically examined, analyzed and summarized. A differentiated notion for the hazard effect threshold and for threshold effects, with due respect for which the daily doses and norms are substantiated for various environmental objects, is described. An original interpretation of the hygienic evaluation of an enhanced enzyme activity, mainly of the microsomal hepatic enzymes, is suggested; it is noteworthy, that this aspect was often regarded as a physiological response to the detoxication of chemicals. An advantage of calculating the reference doses as compared to other mathematical methods of determining the threshold values is demonstrated. The article is intended to promote and enhance the safety of hygienic regulation, which is a basis for the state environmental monitoring.
The paper shows it possible to use allometric equations to detect human and animal biological differences, including longevity. An actual man is shown to generally live 5 times longer than his allometric model constructed on the mean life longevity in mammals of different species from shrewmouse to elephant. The longer life of man is accounted for by his biosocial nature and by the influence of many socioeconomic factors. Therefore the mean longevity may serve as a universal integral index of the socioeconomic policy of some countries and regions. Critical considerations should be hold for the attempts to substitute the socioeconomic situation by the pure ecological one when outlining prospects of society development. Environmental protection programmes should not become an end in themselves, but they should be only a constituent of the general concept of development wherein priority is given to the socioeconomic problems of the population's life.
The article deals with possibility to optimize control over water pollution with waste waters. The optimization covers definition of priority parameters by using a system of 15-17 hygienic criteria of danger resulting from industrial waste presence in water bodies. The authors recommend lists of parameters to control inflow of waste waters from oil-processing and oil-extracting enterprises into water objects, to evaluate water state after unexpected leakage of oil at the output enterprises and pipelines.
Methodology for choice of priority indices of water pollution assessment was developed. Examples of calculation of indices for some of industrial sewage were given.
The causes of inefficacy of water reservoir sanitary protection are considered. Principal issues of a new water protection concept and water quality control are suggested.
Maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) for Arbidole and thiophenoi in water were substantiated. MAC of this substances accordingly are (mg/dm3): 0.04 and 0.002.
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Tentative permissible levels (TPL) of phthalazol, sulfadimethoxine, and Bepask in the water were substantiated on the basis of study of organoleptic properties, of influence on sanitary status of water bodies and toxicologic characteristics of these substances. TPL of studied chemicals accordingly are (mg/dm3): 12, 1 and 6.8.
Maximum allowable concentrations of Realon and zinc complex IOMC-1 in water were recommended at levels, accordingly, 0.04 and 2.0 mg/1 with organoleptic signs of action.
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Epicutaneous applications of the iron trivalence caused the sensibilization of mice. The effect depended on the temperature.
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Studies of the circulation of mercury in various objects of the environment (water of reservoirs, bottom-reservoir sediment, flood-plain soil and the soil of agricultural lands irrigated with the water from the river and canal, water organisms, products of plant-growing etc.) in areas located downwards from the points of long-term discharge into the ecosystem of mercury with industrial wastes have been carried out, with the aim to establish real stress on the organism of people living within the basin of the reservoir. Discharge of mercury into water sources has been found with the warmed-up and industrial waste waters following mechanical and biological treatment at the plant producing synthetic rubber, with filtration waters from slime tanks and also secondary contamination of the water with mercury coming from bottom--reservoir sediment, and quantitative parameters of circulation of the chemical in the ecosystem of the reservoir basin. Intake of mercury into human organism under the conditions of formation of biogeochemical provinces in the reservoir basin (through water, fish, agricultural products) leads to the increase of the level of morbidity of the nervous system and a number of other diseases, which is associated both with the specific effects of the element and with the non-specific influence it produces as a result of decrease of general resistance of the organism.