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Biomedical subjects

G Neubauer

Publications and source records attributed to G Neubauer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Geriatric rehabilitation from the economic viewpoint].

Geriatric rehabilitation has to be evaluated by cost-effectiveness measures and not only by effectiveness. This is also true for quality improvement actions. Quality can be too expensive according to its cost-effectiveness relationship. In Germany mandatory nursing insurance share in successful rehabilitation means a loss of financial resources to the nursing family members and to the nursing homes. The health funds which have to finance the rehabilitation are also not favored by the results. So rehabilitation is on a low level in the mandatory nursing insurance. Helpful would be to transfer rehabilitation from the health funds to the nursing funds. In the long run geriatric rehabilitation will win importance by the socio-demographic development.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Guidelines in surgery: from the viewpoint of health care economics].

Guidelines support the economic evaluation of surgical procedures. Therefore, guidelines should contain cost-benefit information as a basic element. Guidelines prompt activities in the health-care system by means of information. Some of the information should thus be available and understandable for nonmedical staff, too. Guidelines should improve the transparency of surgical outcome to enable patients and insured parties to make a more rational choice and thus provide their own input into the health care system.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1996

The purification and characterization of the catalytic domain of Src expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Comparison of unphosphorylated and tyrosine phosphorylated species.

The catalytic domain of chicken Src including the C-terminal tail (Src-CD), has been expressed in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and purified to homogeneity. The expressed protein is a mixture of unphosphorylated (80%) and mono-phosphorylated (20%) species, that can be separated from each other by Mono Q chromatography. By a novel mass spectrometric method that utilizes parent ion scans of unseparated peptide mixtures, we found that the mono-phosphorylated form is phosphorylated either at Tyr416 or at Tyr436. The stability of Src-CD is comparable to the wild-type protein. Src-CD auto-phosphorylates and efficiently phosphorylates substrate peptides and proteins. Auto-phosphorylation occurs by an intermolecular mechanism and is completely inhibited by an excess of substrate peptide. Kinetic measurements for two exogenous substrates, the Src substrate peptide (AEEEIYGEFEAKKKK) and denatured enolase, showed that the overall activity (kcat) of the Src-CD molecule is about 10 times higher than that of wild-type Src. The kcat values for phosphorylation of the Src substrate peptide are similar for the unphosphorylated and monophosphorylated Src-CD (50 min-1), but the apparent K(m) values differ significantly (approximately 3 microM and 10 microM, respectively). Therefore, at low substrate concentrations in vitro the mono-phosphorylated form is more active, in agreement with the importance of Tyr416 for in vivo activity. The apparent K(m) values of the mono-phosphorylated Src-CD and wild-type Src for the Src substrate peptide and enolase are similar, indicating that, under these conditions, the kinase domain is mainly responsible for substrate binding.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Parent ion scans of unseparated peptide mixtures.

The nanoelectrospray ion source (NanoES) developed recently has proven to be an excellent tool for the sequencing of peptides out of unseparated mixtures. At lower levels of analyte, however, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish the peptide ions in the spectrum, limiting the overall sensitivity of the procedure. Scans for the parents of common fragmentation products of peptides such as immonium ions allow determination of peptide ion masses even when these ions have signal-to-noise ratios of < 1 in the mass spectrum. With this technique, concentration limits for sequencing peptides could be improved to < 5 fmol/microL in favorable cases. Parent ions scan were used to identify posttranslational modifications of peptides in mixtures, with phosphorylation and glycosylation as examples. Detecting phosphorylation by parent scans increased sensitivity by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Modified peptides can be subjected to tandem mass spectrometry in the same experiment to localize the modification. The present approach expands the range of application of nanoelectrospray and complements established liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

New carbamate supports for the preparation of 3'-amino-modified oligonucleotides.

A novel approach for the preparation of oligonucleotides carrying amino groups at the 3'-end is described. Several CPG supports having aminoalkyl groups and 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides linked through base-labile carbamate linkages such as 2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl were prepared using two different strategies. These supports are compatible to the standard solid phase phosphite-triester methodology and yield oligonucleotides containing amino groups at the 3'-end. Several properties of the 3'-amino oligonucleotides, such as nuclease resistance, hybridization, and preparation of oligonucleotide conjugates are discussed.

Carbamates↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in the shape and growth of motor endplates of mm. fibularis longus, semitendinosus and longissimus in pigs].

Age-related changes in motor endplates were studied in the fibularis longus, semitendinosus and longissimus muscles in pigs. They develop from small, compact AChE-active figures in fetuses to typical myoneuronal synapses with a branched subsynaptical structure of AChE-active units. High correlations were found between size of endplates and both myofibre diameter and body mass. Growth analyses with respect to age, as well as allometrical approaches, showed that endplate growth slightly precedes that of myofibres, with both having similar growth patterns. The morphological changes, however, imply that the increment of synaptical area could lag behind that of myofibres.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Identification of hnRNP P2 as TLS/FUS using electrospray mass spectrometry.

Protein complexes assembled on mRNA precursors can be separated by gel filtration chromatography to yield spliceosomal and H complex fractions (Reed R, Griffith J, Maniatis T, 1988, Cell 53:949-961; Reed R, 1990, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:8031-8035.). Here we use Nano electrospray mass spectrometry (Wilm M, Mann M, 1994, Int J Mass Spectrometry Ion Processes 136:167-180) to identify proteins complexed with Adeno-pre-mRNA in the H complex peak. Four of the major hnRNP proteins, A1, B1, C1, and G, were identified by database analysis based on peptide mass and sequence information. A fifth protein in the H complex peak, corresponding to hnRNP P2, is shown to be the product of the TLS/FUS gene. This was originally identified as a chimeric oncogene formed by the chromosome translocation t(12;16) that is responsible for myxoid liposarcoma. The involvement of hnRNP P2 in oncogenesis provides a clear example of the importance of hnRNP proteins in molecular disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Health care reform 2000--necessity and approaches].

The discussion in Germany isn't only on the 1993 German Health Care Reform but beyond that on the so called "Reform 2000". The demographic, economic and medical trends recommend strongly a long-term readjustment of the health insurance. Purposes of the national health system, medical possibilities concerning diagnosis and therapy, solidary financed services, the financial sources and the system of coordination, i.e. competition versus public administration, are topics of the discussion. In these days an interim report of the "Sachverständigen-rat für die Konzertierte Aktion im Gesundheitswesen" is published, which is giving a first impression how to deal with these problems.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1992

The development of quality assurance in the German health care system.

Quality assurance efforts in the German health care system have primarily been a responsibility of the medical profession. The Federal and State Physician Chambers coordinated early quality assurance studies, which conformed to the guidelines of voluntary participation by physicians, confidentiality of data, and no imposition of sanctions for poor performance. These guidelines were challenged by the Health Reform Act of 1989, which made the legal regulations for quality assurance the same for hospitals as for out-patient care. Some current draft implementation plans conform to the principle of anonymity, requiring no disclosure of patient-specific, physician-specific, or hospital-specific data to third parties; others allow release of data to individual insurers or their associations. Although no consensus has been reached as to how quality assurance will be performed in the future in Germany, it will clearly become an integral part of the system.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1990

[24 hour rhythm of feed and water consumption by BD IX rats in relation to pregnancy and lactation].

The 24-hour rhythms of food and water consumption of non-fertilized female rats, of pregnant and lactating animals of a conventionally maintained BD IX stock has been determined. The mean food consumption has been found to be, in the same order, 20.6 g/d, 25.3 g/d, and 48.6 g/d, respectively. In the dark the corresponding values were, respectively, 79, 76 and 67.5%. Maximum food consumption of these 3 animal groups were registered between 10.00 p.m. and 02.00 a.m., from 06.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m., and from 06.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m., respectively. At first the pattern is unimodal, but it becomes bimodal during pregnancy and lactation. In corresponding time periods the mean water consumption was, respectively, 28.7, 33.8 and 64.7 ml/d. The maxima corresponded to those of food consumption. Food and water consumption was estrous-dependent and decreased significantly in the perinatal phase. During laction the food and water consumption showed a 2-day rhythm, beginning from day 9 onwards.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Failures of the hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany and reform proposals.

This paper deals with an economic analysis of the present hospital financing system of the Federal Republic of Germany. In the first section normative criteria for the evaluation of hospital systems are established. The most important objectives are: a medically appropriate hospital care, an efficient production of services and adequate hospital care for everyone. The imminent conflicts between individual and social value systems on the one hand and between allocative and distributive objectives on the other hand are pointed out. The second section contains a short description of the most important elements of a hospital financing system: first the method of coordination of supply and demand. Since pure market systems are rejected as the only mechanism for the coordination of hospital care, other coordination systems must be applied. There are in principle two alternative systems at one's disposal: regulation of the hospital care by public authorities or negotiations between hospitals and financiers. Second, it is analysed how the financial burden can be shared amongst the patient and the various third party financing institutions such as statutory health funds, private insurance companies and public budgets. Third, the modes of reimbursement are discussed. It is pointed out, that besides the problem of how the hospital performance should be measured and how the level of prices of the services should be determined, the distribution of the production risks is the central matter in hospital reimbursement. The more hospitals have to undetake financial risks, the greater the incentives are for an efficient production of services. The third section contains a description of the main failures of the German hospital financing system. It is argued that the central public planning of capacities, which is dominated by political interests, causes excess capacities and structural disequilibria in particular sectors of hospital care. The next important failure is the division of the financial burden amongst public households and statutory health funds in spite of exclusive public planning authority. In the area of reimbursement the total cost reimbursement is criticized. The cost based public investment grants and cost based lump sum per-diem rates per patient in the area of operating cost imply incentives for an inefficient (and ineffective) production of services. The last section deals with some reform proposals which at present are being discussed. All proposals claim a regionalization of the hospital planning and a stronger participation of the hospitals and health funds concerned in the planning process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Facility Regulation and Control↗