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Biomedical subjects

G Niebauer

Publications and source records attributed to G Niebauer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical demonstration of immunoglobulin A in human sebaceous and sweat glands.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) mediated humoral defense mechanisms have been detected on all mucous membrane surfaces. There are only a few papers about the presence of IgA in human skin. In order to demonstrate the occurrence of IgA in sebaceous and sweat glands, biopsies of normal human skin were investigated and compared to intestinal mucosa. Two different commercially available anti-IgA antibodies were used. For light microscopy peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) or avidin-biotin complex (ABC) staining was used, and for electron microscopy protein-A-gold (PAG) labeling was performed on tissue sections. Specifically decorated IgA was found in sebaceous glands as well as in various portions of eccrine glands. In sebaceous glands, the maximum of IgA concentration was seen near the mouth of pilosebaceous ducts. Sweat ducts exhibited a continuous coat of IgA, whereas secretory portions contained only singular scattered IgA positive cells. Immunoelectron microscopy suggests endocytotic uptake and processing of IgA in the glandular cells. These results indicate strongly that IgA are secreted by normal human sebaceous and sweat glands. Because it is well known that IgA plays an important role in inactivation of invading viruses, bacteria, and other antigenic structures on mucous membranes, it appears that IgA in sebum and sweat fulfil a similar function on the outer body surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Ichthyosiform scaling in alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency].

In two patients suffering from infantile and juvenile types of alpha-1,4 glucosidase deficiency (Pompe's disease, glycogen storage disease types 2a and 2b) with typical lysosomal glycogen storage, widespread dry "ichthyosiform" scaling skin was observed. The clinical and microscopical findings resembled those of ichthyosis vulgaris. Even in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes vacuolar glycogen accumulation was demonstrated, suggesting a correlation between this pathological storage process and the symptom of "scaling". Therefore, ichthyosiform scaling conditions should be investigated not only for disorders of lipid metabolism but also for a possible disturbance of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Economic aspects of serologic syphilis tests in routine screening in Viennese hospital facilities].

971, 786 patients in Viennese municipal hospitals were routinely screened by serological testing for syphilis between January 1980 and December 1984, leading to the detection of 28,090 cases of untreated latent infection. The annual incidence varied between 7463 and 4623 cases. Roughly one third of patients with untreated syphilis develop severe late manifestations: 10.4% show cardiovascular involvement, 6.5% get neurosyphilis and 15.8% have a gumma. The mortality rate is 85% in cardiovascular disease and 64% in neurosyphilis, whilst irreversible incapacity is the fate of the remaining 15% and 36% of these patients, respectively. Calculations on the basis of the current costs for treatment of the acute diseased and for nursing of incapacitated patients reveal that routine screening of all in- and out-patients of the Viennese municipal hospitals is completely justified from the medical and the economic point of view and should, therefore, be reinforced.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

[Dysplastic nevus syndrome].

The dysplastic nevus (DN) was first described by Clark in 1976. It was subsequently recognized to be a precursor of melanoma. Dysplastic nevi present with typical clinical and histological criteria. The dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) can be considered when at least two other family members have been shown to have multiple dysplastic nevi. From our own experience of over 2000 non-selected patients with melanoma only 60 (3%) were shown to have the DNS. In these 60 we could prove direct genetic penetration even though no HLA phenotype preference could be seen. Evaluation of the biological activity of the DN in cell cultures, as well as T-lymphocyte analysis in the neighborhood of the DN have shown signs of incipient malignant transformation of the DN. The practical implications of these findings and observations are discussed.

Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[The increase in skin melanomas in Austria (1926-1980)].

This statistical study demonstrates the increase in incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Austria over the time period 1926 to 1980 and the changing pattern of tumour localization. The results of this study are discussed with reference to aetiology, especially of sunlight as a causative factor.

Austria↗
PubMed1984

[Immunomodulation using an epidermal cytokine (ETAF)].

Tissue cultures of freshly isolated murine and human keratinocytes as well as transformed keratinocyte cell lines secret a cytokine, epidermal cell derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF), which augments in vitro lymphoproliferative responses. Keratinocytes produce increased levels of ETAF activity after exposure to a variety of cell damaging agents such as silica, endotoxin, phorbol esters, hydroxyurea, mechanical disruption and UV-irradiation. Biochemical studies showed that ETAF is a heat- and pH-stable low molecular weight (15K) protein which is produced in low amounts and active at low (10(-10)-10(-15) M) concentration. The most important biological property of ETAF is an antigen non specific stimulation of the immunological system. ETAF in conjunction with the antigen presenting function of Langerhans cells results in an activation of T-lymphocytes and increased production of lymphokines such as Interleukin 2, which is responsible for the activation of T- and B-lymphocytes. In addition ETAF is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and natural killer cells and is directly mitogenic for fibroblasts. When injected into mice ETAF induces production of acute phase proteins such as Serum Amyloid A. Furthermore ETAF may act as an endogenous pyrogen and induce fever. According to its biochemical characteristics and biological properties ETAF can not be separated from the macrophage derived Interleukin 1(IL 1), suggesting that both ETAF and IL 1 are identical. These findings indicate that production of IL 1-like molecules is not confined to cells of the immunological system and ETAF production by keratinocytes may have important implications in the pathogenesis of inflammatory as well as neoplastic skin diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Skin lipids in 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy of acne].

The study presents clinical data and results of skin sebum (SER) determinations during 13-cis-retinoic acid treatment in 15 patients suffering from severe conglobate and cystic acne. The striking clinical improvement was mostly accompanied by decreased SER as well as changes in the composition of the skin surface lipids. While the sebaceous gland lipids were generally reduced, the epidermal lipids showed irregular tendencies. Despite of good therapy effects, 3 patients showed increased SER. This indicates that other mechanisms than those of sebum suppression may be responsible for the treatment success. Sebum suppression and modulation are important and valuable aspects for documentation as well as for elucidation of the working mechanism of 13-cis-retinoic acid.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1981

[Penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa and pulmonary cyst in Wilson's disease (author's transl)].

A large air cyst was removed from the right lung of a 29-year-old female patient with Wilson's disease and penicillamine-induced perforating elastosis, the cyst first appearing after 9 years of treatment with penicillamine. Since, on the one hand, the microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the elastic tissue of the lungs were identical to those observed in the skin, both in areas of clinically-demonstrable elastosis perforans serpiginosa and clinically unaffected skin and, on the other hand, no other pulmonary disease was demonstrable to account for the development of the cystic lesion, it is concluded that penicillamine is the causative factor by means of extensive alteration of the elastic tissue. The morphological changes in the elastic fibres are so characteristic that it is easy to distinguish penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa from the idiopathic variant.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of SST, glucagon, calcitonin and PGE1 on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the unrestrained dog in long-term experiments.

Using a new model of a reversible pancreatic fistula which allows the long-term-investigation under nearly physiological conditions on the unrestrained dog, we tested the effect of somatostatin (50 micrograms), calcitonin (4 micrograms), glucagon (1 microgram), and prostaglandin E1 (150 micrograms) on the exocrine pancreatic function in 45 experiments over a period of 13 h: SST inhibits the basal as well as the secretin or CCK-stimulated secretion: calcitonin shows inhibition of the stimulated secretion only; glucagon blocks the secretin-stimulated pancreatic function; and PGE1 reduces the bicarbonate concentration and trypsin output in secretin stimulation, but in one of the two series it stimulates the basal secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

"Lumpy-bumpy" elastic fibers in the skin and lungs of a patient with a penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa.

Penicillamine-induced cutaneous elastosis perforans serpiginosa associated with a large air-cyst in the right lung is described in a 29-year-old female patient with Wilson disease. Identical light and electron-microscopic changes were present in both dermal and pulmonary elastic tissue, suggesting a disseminated drug-induced cutaneo-visceral elastosis. Lung cysts have not been previously reported in association with long term penicillamine treatment. The electron-microscopic morphology of the elastic fibers was found to be "specific" enough to allow separation of penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa from other forms of this disease.

Adult↗