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Biomedical subjects

G Nissen

Publications and source records attributed to G Nissen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Use of moclobemide in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A monoamine oxidase hypothesis for the cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has recently been established (Shekim et al. 1986). To test this, moclobemide, a new and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A, was administered to 12 children between the ages of 6 and 13 years, diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactive according to DSM III-R, in a 4-week study. All had previously discontinued treatment with methylphenidate due to side-effects. A 40% improvement in parental assessment of children's behaviour occurred among those who received moclobemide as outpatients, and a 31% improvement among the five in-patients. There was a general increase in concentration and attention span at the end of the trial, but mood changes and explosive behaviour continued to be present at a low level. Brain mapping after moclobemide treatment showed an overall reduction in frontal lobe delta activity. Moclobemide was well tolerated by these patients, although two complained of mild gastrointestinal disturbances during the first week of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of sexual abuse of children in Germany.

A survey of the prevalence of sexual abuse of children in two different areas of Germany (Würzburg - former West Germany and Leipzig - former East Germany) was conducted using a multiple screen questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1841 students from different institutions in Würzburg and 310 students from vocational schools in Leipzig (n = 2151). Data on a similar number of males and females were recorded. Problems of definition, sample characteristics and methodology are discussed. Sexual abuse was reported by 16.1% of the women and 5.8% of the men in the Würzburg sample and 9.6% and 5.8%, respectively, in the Leipzig sample. More comparable subsamples showed less discrepancy in the prevalence rates for women in the two cities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Pyromania and enuresis. Multifactorial causes require multidimensional treatment concepts].

The abilities to control the voiding of the bladder and to act competently in dealing with fire are important factors of the normal development of children. Unfavourable conditional constellations in the socio-emotional, cognitive, or physical realm can cause developmental defects which manifest themselves in certain target symptoms, for instance Pyromania and Enuresis. The importance of multifactorial etiological models will be illustrated by a case report of a boy displaying symptoms of Pyromania and Enuresis nocturna. The analysis of the specific conditions of the case studied results in the appropriate multidimensional treatment concept.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1991

[Effectiveness and tolerance of the selective MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide in children with hyperkinetic syndrome].

The pharmacotherapy of the hyperkinetic syndrome with amphetamines was inaugurated by Bradley in 1937. As a rule, methylphenidate is prescribed today, although some side effects limit its use. Tests carried out by Zametkin in 1985 showed that clorgyline and tranylcypromine are effective in hyperkinetic children, but not deprenyl. In an open clinical study we administered moclobemide, a new reversible MAO-A inhibitor, to children who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for hyperkinetic syndrome according to ICD-9 (314). An extensive examination was made to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the substance in this disorder. In addition to subjective ratings on the behavioral level a number of objective neuropsychological tests were used. Moclobemide proved to be effective in the treatment of the hyperkinetic syndrome, and side effects were surprisingly rare. EEGs performed during treatment showed a considerable decrease in delta waves in the frontal lobe region.

Attention↗
PubMed1991

[Encopresis in children. Preliminary report of new therapeutic and diagnostic aspects].

There appears to be no strict boundary between encopresis, which is defined as a psychogenic disorder, and incontinence, in which there is an inability to retain faeces voluntarily. Our findings over an 8-year period suggest that unrecognized functional or organic retention disorders are present in encopresis more often than previously thought. Of 16 children with encopresis who were examined by perfusion manometry 14 were found to have disorders of anorectal functions. Of these, 7 showed pathologically low sphincteral pressure rates and 3 abnormally high rates with coordination disorders. Four had normal sphincteral pressure rates but considerably disturbed sensitivity. In the 3 children examined by MRI so far clear morphological changes were found. The question of whether the deviations found were the result of primary or secondary changes could not be clarified. However, of key importance is that these additional findings enable the use of a combined course of treatment (passive sphincter training by electrostimulation and active sphincter training with biofeedback) that seemed to bring improvement quickly and reliably.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Acute abdomen in anorexia nervosa. A case report].

Anorexia is a common psychiatric condition of childhood and adolescence in which, apart from the striking psychopathology, somatic complications are frequently seen. The secondary somatic findings, however, are sometimes overlooked. This case report describes a 17-year-old girl in whom, during an episode of bulimia dilatation of the stomach occurred, which presented clinically as perforation.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1990

[Landau-Kleffner syndrome].

In 1957, Landau and Kleffner reported six cases of a "syndrome of acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder". Since this first report more than 130 cases with acquired language disabilities with EEG-abnormalities have been described. Comprehension of language is primarily affected, spike discharges are predominantly found in temporal regions. Facultative symptoms are epileptic seizures and psychiatric disorders. The paper gives a review of the literature describing the clinical manifestations, the therapeutic procedure, the prognosis and the etiological factors of this syndrome, which is even listed in the last version of the ICD-10 and the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of psychotropic medication in childhood and adolescence in the Federal Republic of Germany.

The use of psychotropic drugs in childhood and adolescence has been the subject of intense debate during the last few years. Allegations about the excessive consumption and overprescription of these substances in younger age groups play an important role in the public discussion. In this situation it would be useful to present relevant data on the prescription volume of psychotropic drugs in childhood and adolescence. The present investigation comprises data of 1985 using the GKV drug index and the IMS prescription index. According to the authors' results the prescription volume of these drugs is significantly lower than estimated in previous pilot studies. Illustrating the prescriptions by means of a drug profile, type and prevalence of psychotropic medication in children and adolescents are clearly distinguished from those of other age groups by the greater use of homeopathics and phytopharmaceutics. Among the psychotropics the neuroleptics represent the largest group. In comparison with international drug prevalence studies the prescription volume of psychostimulants is extremely low in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Psychotropic drugs in childhood and adolescence. Value and indications for pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders].

Treatment with psychopharmaceuticals in childhood is controversial. From time to time, reports are brought by the press on excessive consumption of psychopharmaceuticals by children. It is shown that such press reports do not stand critical examination. The prescribing of such drugs in childhood requires great care, considerable knowledge and meticulous observance of indications. The most important indications are outlined. Psychiatric treatment in children and adolescents is always "multi-pronged".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment for depression in children and adolescents.

In the management of depressive states in children and adolescents a distinction should be drawn between: General antidepressive treatment, as exemplified by the attitude and approach adopted by the physician and by close reference persons towards the depressive child. Indirect antidepressive treatment consisting in: counselling of the parents or treatment for them (psychotherapy, psychotropic medication), family therapy, or admission of the child to a home; learning and teaching hygiene: preventing the child from becoming overtaxed as a result of his difficulty in learning and his impaired performance, recourse to conditioning procedures, demotion to a lower class at school, or transference to another school; initial and follow-up psychotherapy or cognitive therapeutic procedures in cases of 'endogenous' depression. Direct antidepressive treatment (sleep deprival, phototherapy, antidepressants).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Hermann Emminghaus. Founder of scientific child and adolescent psychiatry].

The discipline of child and adolescent psychiatry regards Hermann Emminghaus as one of those responsible for its becoming established as a separate branch of science. The monograph by Emminghaus entitled Die psychischen Störungen des Kindesalters (Mental Disorders of Childhood), which appeared in 1887 in the Handbuch der Kinderkrankheiten, was the first overview in German of the emotional problems occurring during this phase of life. It represents, in the words of the American child psychiatrist HARMS (1967), the "cradle of child psychiatry." In 1984, to commemorate this pioneer in our specialty, the Hermann Emminghaus Prize was established. It is to be awarded every two years in recognition of outstanding contributions to scientific research in child and adolescent psychiatry.

Adolescent Psychiatry↗