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Biomedical subjects

G O Ladipo

Publications and source records attributed to G O Ladipo.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Low protein/high calorie dietary regimen in the management of chronic renal failure. A preliminary study of Nigerian patients.

The progression of renal failure was evaluated in seven patients with established chronic renal failure (mean serum creatinine 4.17 mg%), while on a supervised dietary regimen consisting of low protein of high biological value (20-30 g/day), and a high calorie content (3000 kcal/day) for a period of between 18 and 28 months. Five other patients with a comparable degree of chronic renal failure whose protein intake was unrestricted (evaluated to vary between 40 and 60 g per day) served as controls. In the study group, serum creatinine levels stabilized or improved in five, while a moderate rise was observed in two. In contrast, a considerable and significant rise in serum creatinine values was observed in all the controls. Two significantly different slopes (P less than 0.01) were also obtained from the linear regression analysis of the reciprocal of serum creatinine values against time, for the two groups. Our preliminary observation of a beneficial effect of this regimen in our patients is particularly relevant to the developing countries because of the high prevalence of chronic renal failure against the background of grossly inadequate facilities for maintenance dialysis or renal transplantation.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1989

Enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive Africans.

The antihypertensive efficacy both of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and thiazide diuretics has been claimed to be influenced by plasma renin activity, which declines with age and is low in blacks. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, randomized, parallel-group preliminary study, the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the ACE inhibitor enalapril (20 mg day-1) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg day-1) were evaluated and compared for 4 weeks in 20 African patients with essential hypertension. The two groups had similar baseline clinical features and serum Na+ and K+ levels. Hydrochlorothiazide caused a significant and sustained fall in erect blood pressure with a reflex tachycardia. Enalapril exerted only a modest antihypertensive action, but significantly reduced erect heart rate. Direct comparison of hydrochlorothiazide- and enalapril-induced hypotension suggested a greater fall in subjects on the thiazide. The 95% confidence limits for the thiazide-enalapril difference in antihypertensive action at the end of the study was 39.5 to -7.5 mm Hg systolic and 22.0 to -6.6 mm Hg diastolic. The maximal blood pressure fall after hydrochlorothiazide was positively correlated with age (r = 0.50; p less than 0.05), whilst that of enalapril was inversely related age to (r = -0.57, p less than 0.05). The results are compatible with the notion that ACE inhibitor monotherapy may be less effective than thiazide diuretic treatment in African and black patients with essential hypertension. The findings also support the concept that age and racial factors may influence the response to antihypertensive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Enalapril in African patients with congestive cardiac failure.

In a preliminary double-blind study in African patients with heart failure, enalapril tended to increase treadmill exercise duration relative to placebo (95% confidence interval--11.5 to 144.3 s). This was associated with a significant improvement in NYHA functional class and subjective well being (P less than 0.05 ANOVA) with a concomitant reduction in body weight (P less than 0.05 ANOVA). It significantly increased pulse pressure during forearm isometric exercise (P less than 0.05 ANOVA), but the Valsalva's manoeuvre and the orthostatic response were unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cardiovascular responses to maximal treadmill exercise in healthy adult Nigerians.

Maximum treadmill exercise, using the Bruce protocol was performed on 124 healthy Nigerians (80 males and 44 females) aged 20-59 years. The mean duration of exercise (DOE) and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) decreased linearly with increase in age with a high correlation between age and VO2 max (r = -0.82). Males and active subjects had significantly higher values than females and sedentary subjects respectively. From this study, average values of VO2 max in healthy Nigerian men and women can be predicted from the following regression equations for VO2 max (ml of O2 per kg of body weight per min): Sedentary men = 57.2 - 0.528 (years of age) (r = -0.85), Active men = 65.0 - 0.579 (years of age) (r = -0.82), Sedentary women = 34.6 - 0.236 (years of age) (r = -0.61). The regression equation for active women is not predictive as none above the age of 29 years volunteered to participate in this study. The mean maximal heart rate (MHR) was inversely related to age (r = -0.51) and average value of MHR (beats/min) expected in healthy Nigerian men and women can be predicted from the regression equation below: MHR = 207 - 0.620 (age in years) (r = -0.51). This study presents reference data for the assessment of cardiovascular fitness of Nigerians with or without cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Diseases causing chronic renal failure in Nigerians--a prospective study of 100 cases.

There are indications that there is an increased risk of chronic renal failure (CRF) in the Negroid race, yet few studies have been carried out in the native 'black' environment. A clinico-pathological study of 100 consecutive Nigerian subjects with CRF, seen over a 3-year period, is presented. Primary chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) accounted for 50, accelerated hypertension for 25, and various aetiological entities for a further nine; these included, chronic pyelonephritis (two), diabetic nephropathy (two), calculous nephropathy (one), toxaemia of pregnancy (one), renal dysplasia (one), tuberculosis (one) and polycystic disease in the ninth subject. In 16 cases, no definitive aetiological diagnosis could be made. Combinations of the following features, protracted hypertension, proteinuria, significant analgesic intake and gouty arthritis, were observed. CGN and accelerated hypertension still remain the leading causes of CRF, while diseases such as diabetes mellitus and chronic pyelonephritis do not contribute significantly to CRF in Nigerians. Recognition of the early features and the causes of CRF would considerably reduce the prevalence of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A therapeutic audit in the management of hypertension in Nigerians.

The prevalence of hypertension in adult Nigerians is about 20% and hypertension remains a significant risk factor in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Africans, hypertension carries a dismal prognosis, has a late clinical presentation and certain antihypertensives may be less effective. We therefore conducted a therapeutic audit in order to assess the initial cardiovascular risk profile of Nigerian patients as well as the safety and efficacy of different antihypertensive agents. A cross-sectional survey of 367 patients (M:F:2:1) modal age 25-44 years, mostly WHO II, enrolled in our clinic was undertaken. 56% had been on treatment for up to one year and 2% for longer than ten years. 12.5% had concomitant diabetes mellitus. Statistical analyses of drug efficacy were done by Spearman correlation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The rank order of hypertensive efficacy was as follows: Thiazides (T) (r = 0.57, P less than 0.05), T + Methyldopa (M) (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) T + M + Hydralazine (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Neither propranolol, nor frusemide showed significant overall efficacy. However, propranolol appeared efficacious in hypertensives with renal impairment. Postural dizziness was occasionally reported. Total mortality was 6% occurring mostly in the modal age group. Diabetic hypertensives had a 5 fold enhanced risk of a fatal outcome (X2 P less than 0.001). Our findings support a rational stepped care approach to pharmacotherapy of hypertension in black Africans, a cost-effectiveness analysis of common antihypertensives; it elucidates the associated adverse effects to patients, and draws attention to the lethality of concomitant hypertension and diabetes. Prospective large scale studies of the treatment of hypertension in Africans are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Blood pressure distribution of Nigerians in the first two decades of life.

The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 2301 Nigerian boys and 2017 Nigerian girls were measured. Their ages, which were in the range 1-20 years, heights and weights were also recorded. The relationship between these variables are discussed. Selected percentiles of systolic and diastolic pressures for different ages and weights are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Alpha-1-antitrypsin levels and phenotypes in some healthy Nigerians--. A preliminary report.

Levels of serum Alpha-1-Antitrypsin were determined in 59 healthy adults and in-cord samples of 42 newborn Nigerians using the immunochemical method of Mancini. The protease inhibitor phenotypes were also determined in these samples by Iso-electric focusing in an LKB multiphor electrophoresis system. The mean adult serum level was 106% of internationally accepted levels. The mean cord level was 75% of the adult mean. The finding of a rare genetic variant 'S' in two of the 96 sera is higher than figures hitherto quoted in the literature. We thus believe that it will be very interesting to study a larger sample of Nigerians in the future.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Seasonal variation of cardiac failure in northern Nigeria.

The number of patients with cardiac failure admitted to hospital in Zaria, Nigeria, month by month during 1972-75 differed highly significantly between the cooler dry months and the hot wet months. The reasons are uncertain, but seasonal changes in blood-pressure and the effects of heat on the circulation and of humidity on the efficiency of sweating may be responsible.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
PubMed1977

Tropical pyomyositis in the Nigerian Savanna.

Ninety cases of tropical pyomyositis from the Nigerian Savanna are described. This is the first report from a hot and dry area of the tropics. Many of the features are similar to previous reports but affection of the younger age group is found to be a reflection of the age distribution of the population. Greater involvement of the left side of the body, spontaneous bursting of an abscess and absence of any seasonal variation are some of the differences noted. Further studies including unexplored areas of the tropics are indicated regarding the aetiology of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pattern of heart disease in adults of the Nigerian Savanna: a prospective clinical study.

The pattern of heart disease in 404 patients seen prospectively from the guinea savanna region of Africa is presented. Over 90% presented with cardiac failure. Hypertension, Peripartal Cardiac Failure (PPCF), Congestive Cardiomyopathy and Rheumatic Heart Disease are major problems. The highest incidence of PPCF in the world probably occurs in this area but the prognosis is good. The reasons for this and the possible interrelationship of hypertension with cardiomyopathy and PPCF are discussed. In contrast to the tropical rainforests, no case of endomyocardial fibrosis was seen. During the period of study, vascular thrombosis is uncommon and coronary heart disease is non-existent in Zaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). First case report in a Nigerian.

The first case of progressive systemic sclerosis in a Nigerian is described. In addition to the typical features of the disease, the case shows affection of the peripheral nerves, a very rare complication. The latter led to a mistaken diagnosis of leprosy. The reasons for the rarity of this disorder in the indigenous Africans and its differentiating features from leprosy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular responses to exercise in essential hypertension.

Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise were studied using the Bruce protocol in 40 patients with essential hypertension (20 males; 20 females) and 36 normotensive controls (20 males; 16 females) with similar age, level of habitual physical activity, smoking and alcohol habits. Maximal heart rate (MHR) was significantly lower in hypertensives than normotensives but there was no significant difference when treated were compared with untreated male hypertensives. Rest -maximal change in heart rate (delta HR) was lower in hypertensives than normotensives (males P less than 0.02). The blood pressure (BP) response was significantly higher in hypertensives than normotensives and in untreated than treated hypertensive males. The delta SBP was not significantly different in hypertensives and normotensives. The mean PRP max was significantly higher in male hypertensives than normotensives, lower in treated vs untreated male hypertensives; similar in treated hypertensives and normotensives and also in female hypertensives (mainly a treated group) compared with controls. The cardiovascular responses to exercise in the hypertensive population studied were significantly different from normotensives. The benefit of treatment of hypertensives is further emphasized by the reduction in blood pressure response to exercise and the reduced myocardial oxygen consumption during maximal exercise.

Adult↗