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Biomedical subjects

G Olivier

Publications and source records attributed to G Olivier.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Mental capacity and human consanguinity].

Mental abilities and inbreeding. The comparison between 1,302 adults born from consanguineous marriages underlines a heavy depression of mental abilities. The load of inbreeding equals the load of environment, both adding their influences, without interaction. Homozygosity acts probably more particularly on the brain.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1978

[Note on the variability of the basicranial axes].

On 114 lateral radiographies of skulls, we looked for the best basicranial axis, i.e. the least variable, the most stable. One should discard the foramen magnum plane (too variable due to the basion lack of precision); the same is true for the axes passing through the sellion point, because the Sella turcica center is situated relatively lower in women and in toothless persons (at least in our series); the studies on the sphenoidal angle are thus tainted with error, the jugum and clivus planes being still more unprecise. Incidentally, let us report the little value of the palatine plane (but not of the nasal plane). The positive results are as follows: compared to the bregma-lambda axis, the nasion-opisthion axis is less variable than the auriculo-orbitary Francfort plane. But this last plane contracts higher correlations with the bregma-nasiolambda angle. Thus Francfort and nasion-opisthion axes both look equally good.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1977

[Trend of of stature in France].

The average stature of 23,400 young adults was 172.33 cm in 1974; it is not the final size because they were 18 to 20 years old. Compared to previous data, we note that the rate of increase grows: it was of 0.3 cm every 10 years at the beginning of the century, of 1 cm in the middle of this century, actually it reaches 1.7 cm per ten years. Studying the correlations between the increase of stature and the variations of some factors during this century, we find multiple correlations accounting for the conditions of life, without a predominant factor. Among the sample of 1974, we find again the same result. The genetic factors (consanguinity, exogamy) show more modest correlations than mesological factors. The mental capacities show the strongest correlation, but does not explain the tendency occuring one in a hundred year. We still do not know why children grow quicker and reach a final bigger size than in the past.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Some effects of Bunnell suture on otherwise uninjured tendons in subhuman primates.

An experimental study was performed in rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) to examine the contribution of Bunnell tendon suture to the production of postoperative tendon adhesions. It was found that Bunnell suture used with atraumatic technique caused a significant depression of in vitro tendon surface plasminogen activator activity, allowing the in vivo persistence and fibrous organization of fibrinous postoperative adhesions to sutured areas. Bunnell suture also produced coagulation necrosis of the sutured area of tendon. Collagen, which replaced the destroyed areas, was oriented randomly and frequently was continuous with surface tendon adhesions to surrounding connective tissues. Bunnell suture appears to be a cause of tendon adhesions in subhuman primates. The importance of fibrin and depressed local fibrinolysis in the relationship of tendon ischemia and adhesion formation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Sexual dimorphism of correlations in crainometry].

The correlations of the 20 main cranial dimensions, in 2 series of 500 male and 500 female subjects are often higher in man than in the women. This result confirms Schreider's former statement. Through partial correlations, we keep constant the two main sexual characteristics of the skull (weight and volume) : the sexual differences of partial correlation are then in equal number in each sex, Schreider's hypothesis being thus confirmed : sexual dimorphism is partly genetical and related to sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The skull of the child (morphological study)].

The child skull presents some very precocious bony protusions: the zygomatic bone's tuberculum marginale, the cresta occipitalis externa, the processus paracondylaris. A formula for estimating infantile cranial capacity is also given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Structural correlations between dimensions of the trunk].

Almost all the great dimensions of the trunk are correlated. Some of them correspond to the social stratification of the biological characteristics, others to anatomical structures, as shown by the study of partial correlations for a given stature, or by multiple partial correlations for a given stature and weight.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Spectral characteristics of some metallo complexes of six-mercaptopurine.

Absorption spectra from 400-250 nm were obtained for 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its Bi, Pt, and Pd complexes. The peaks were all grouped in close proximity (+/-5nm) and the curves were similar. Under the conditions of this study, the purine chemistry of 6-MP does not appear to be appreciably altered as a result of the pure compound complexing with the Bi, Pt, or Pd metals.

Bismuth↗
PubMed1975

Biometry of the human occipital bone.

A biometric study of the occipital bone was carried out on 125 dissecting room skulls; it brought out the following points: 1. The occipital squama, despite its dual histological origin, constitutes a stable anatomical structure because its dimensions remain in correlation if the size factor is maintained constant. 2. The parts around the foramen magnum also show 'organic correlations', but these are virtually unrelated to the squama. 3. The pars basilaris is biometrically independent of the squama; it could well be described with, and regarded as an extension of, the body of the sphenoid if it were morphologically separated from the rest of the occipital bone; there is thus good cause to describe in Man a spheno-occipital 'clivus'. 4. The study of the curvatures of the squama shows that fossil Man agrees with present day Man in that when the occipital is rounded, the parietal is not, and the skull is low and elongated. 5. Sexual differences are more easily described than measured. The shape of the occipital condyles has greater value for sex determination than that of the nuchal crests. 6. Attempts were made to estimate cranial capacity from isolated occipital bones, but one had to be content with a fairly large margin of error. Several types of formulae are nevertheless offered to human palaeontologists in the hope that they might satisfy their need to get a rough indication of cranial capacity from occipital material.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of cranial capacity using endocranial dimensions].

1. The products of endocranial dimensions found on radiographies provide excellent estimations of cranial capacity. 2. The sums of their dimensions are better than the products for ancient fossils, but there is a shortage of data allowing to appreciate if these products are suitable for all fossil men or only for some of them.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicity of Aeromonas salmonicida cells to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar peritoneal macrophages.

Several strains of Aeromonas salmonicida were toxic to cultured peritoneal macrophages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in minimum doses of 5 x 10(6) CFU, whereas other strains were not. There was no correlation between cytotoxicity and in vivo virulence of the bacteria, the presence or absence of the two major surface components of A. salmonicida (namely, the A-layer and the O-polysaccharide chain of the LPS) nor, finally, with the ability of the strains to produce the following enzymes in vitro: protease, hemolysin, elastase and lecithinase. Toxicity was only observed with metabolically active bacteria and not with formalin- or heat-killed bacteria. The exact nature of the toxic factor remains unknown but is most likely associated with the surface of the bacteria. It is not extracellular since 24 and 48 h culture supernatants of the cytotoxic strains had no apparent effect on macrophages. The cytotoxic effect was found to be severe and rapid, it is likely a major virulence factor of A. salmonicida, but the exact role of such a potent toxin in the pathology of furunculosis has yet to be clarified.

Aeromonas↗