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Biomedical subjects

G Ortuño Pacheco

Publications and source records attributed to G Ortuño Pacheco.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Nephrogenic bladder adenoma associated with glandular cystitis. Immunohistochemical study and significance].

A histopathological and immunohistochemical study of a case of nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder associated to glandular cystitis is presented with a very similar immunostaining to adenomatoid tumors in other organs and probably of a mesothelial origin. Its pathogenesis seems to correspond to a metaplastic change of the bladder's urothelium through anomalous differentiation of the reserve cells faced with different irritating agents. Because of its benign characteristics, we think that treatment can be confined to endoscopic observation and conservative technique.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

[Eosinophilic cystitis].

Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a clinical-pathological entity characterised by the transmural infiltration of the bladder. It shows as an irritative mictional syndrome, though the most common sign is haematuria. Endoscopically it appears as an intravesical mass and is usually mistaken for a transitional tumour of the bladder. There has been many etiologies involved but not one single factor has been identified as responsible for the condition. Medical approach is the most appropriate initial treatment, but since the condition is so often mistaken with vesical tumoration, the first therapeutical attitude in most cases is Transurethral Resection (TUR) which, though more aggressive, is therapeutic, haemostatic and provides material for the pathoanatomical diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (I): incidence in 2 population groups: symptomatic and asymptomatic].

We analyzed 850 gastric biopsy specimens: 643 were obtained from patients with gastric symptoms, and 207 from apparently normal individuals. We evaluated the incidence of precancerous lesions (PL) of the stomach (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia) in both groups of patients (symptomatic and assymptomatic). We also studied the relationship between these lesions and diverse clinical and morphological parameters (age, sex, location and endoscopic findings). Our results indicate a higher incidence than expected of PL in an area of low risk of the gastric cancer, both in symptomatic patients (CAG: 65%, IM: 50% and GD: 23%) and in the normal population (CAG: 24%, IM: 17.4% and GD: 2%). These lesions were preferentially located in the antral region and the antro-corporal transitional zone. The incidence of the PL was highest in patients 50 and 60 years of age. These parameters should be considered as risk factors in the development of a gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Precancerous conditions in gastric cancer (II): relationship between atrophic gastritis-intestinal metaplasia-gastric dysplasia-gastric carcinoma].

We studied a group of gastric precancerous lesions in order to analyze their mutual relationship as well as and their association with the development of gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type. This study was performed on 850 gastric biopsy specimens. Our results demonstrate the strong association of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia (p less than 0.001) which should be considered as precursor lesions of gastric cancer. Moreover, the relations between these lesions and the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma suggest their active participation in the genesis of this type of malignancy. Our results also suggest that chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia evolve to the dysplasia stage before developing gastric cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural study across the leprosy spectrum.

We have carried out a systematic ultrastructural study of the bacilli, the cell-mediated response in the host, and the dermal microvasculature in lepromatous (LL), borderline lepromatous (BL), and borderline tuberculoid (BT) types of active leprosy (eight cases). In the types of least resistance (LL and BL), macrophages with large cytoplasmic processes were observed; in addition, numerous peripheral vacuoles were found in BL. Mast cells were abundant and vascular alterations constant. BT macrophages showed more regular outlines and multivacuolated cytoplasms with plentiful rough endoplasmic reticulum. Giant cells were scarce. Bacilli, both isolated and in globi, were contained within the vacuoles and appeared constantly in macrophages and endothelial and Schwann cells in LL and BL. Conversely, in BT they were found singly, infrequently in the endothelial cells, and not at all in Schwann cells. Forms in the process of destruction or degradation were more common than intact forms, in which the symmetric outline of the membrane could be seen clearly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abnormal melanosomes: ultrastructural markers of melanocytic atypia.

To identify possible ultrastructural markers of melanocytic atypia, a quantitative ultrastructural study was made of melanocytes found at the dermal-epidermal boundary of normal skin and in benign, premalignant, and malignant melanocytic lesions. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of melanosomes per melanocyte in the premalignant and malignant lesions compared with the number observed in the benign lesions. There was a significantly higher number (p < 0.05) of abnormal melanosomes (with irregularities in the laminar matrix or with a granular or clumpy matrix) in the premalignant and malignant lesions, which suggests that the presence of a high percentage of abnormal melanosomes might act as a useful ultrastructural marker in the diagnosis of melanocytic atypia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation: silicosis].

Silicosis is an important disease not only for its prevalence and the degree of pulmonary insufficiency it entails but also because it provides a natural model of interstitial fibrotic disease in the lung which is of known origin. This can, in turn, help us understand the pathogenic nature of a great number of pulmonary fibroses whose cause is unknown. The fifty postmortem studies which we describe correspond to miners who had worked in underground mines in the mountainous region near Cartagena (SE Spain) for times ranging from 5 to 36 years. The autopsies showed that they had been exposed to dust containing abundant metallic particles, particularly iron oxide (mixed dust). Although the pathogenic action was related with silica, it was also clearly modified by the composition of the dust associated with it. The basic lesions which are produced in the lung after inhalation of silica (< 5 microns diameter) are coniosis, fibroconiosis and sclerohyalinosis. The sclerohyalino nodules are characterized by abundant collagenization and hyalinization, different types of which can be distinguished according to the disposition of the collagenous fibres. Nodular lesions gradually grow in size even when exposure to dust has ceased. As they grow they get nearer until they join to form conglomerate masses. When the diameter exceeds 3 cm this is called massive fibrosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 27% of cases. This took the form of lesions, which could be associated to or independent of silicotic lesions. Besides evolutive nodular lesions, a patient suffering from silicosis may show other unspecific lesions which must be correctly evaluated for a more correct clinical-pathological assessment, since, clinically, the respiratory function may be profoundly affected although such silicotic damage may be not very noticeable by radiological examination. Silicosis of the liver and spleen was not infrequent in the autopsies carried out, with basic lesions in all evolutive states being observed, the most evolved in the spleen. This means that silicosis should be considered as a systemic illness.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of cancer of the larynx in the region of Cartagena from 1972 to 1984].

We have carried out a survey on larynx cancer for the Cartagena region between the years 1972 and 1984 out of a population that varies from 210,944 to 250,233 inhabitants and a total number of 207 cases with histopathology control. The average incident valuation per every 100,000 inhabitants is 6.9 for the total population and 13.74 for males. An important fact is the amount of supraglottical carcinomas which have been discovered, meaning 51.08%; more common in males under 60, which has a very close connection with the consumption of black tobacco. The glottical carcinoma represents 46.80% of the cases, more common in males over 60 not related to a smoking habit. The high risk population is formed by males between 55 and 65 who are heavy smokers and drinkers and do manual labour.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinicopathologic characteristics of laryngeal neoplasms in the region of Cartagena from 1972 to 1984].

We have carried out a research into the clinicopathological characteristics of the cancer of larynx between 1972 and 1984 in the area of Cartagena, with a populations that oscillated between 210,944 and 250,233 inhabitants, and over a number of 207 cases. We observe that the symptom to which the patients attach most importance and the reason why they most often consult is dysphonia or voice-alteration, and that its clinical development average time until diagnosis is of 6.08 months. It is to be pointed out the proportion of supraglottic carcinomas which at the moment of diagnosis usually show a T3 or a T4 stage and palpable adenopathies in a third of the patients. On the contrary, glottic carcinomas are usually T1 lesions and without satellite adenopathies. With regard to the histologic type, the great majority of cases belong to epidermoid carcinomas, followed at a great distance by warty carcinomas and finally by pseudosarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of postoperative cytology for the early diagnosis of incomplete resection of bladder tumors].

The possibility that after T.U.R. of superficial bladder tumors, some fragments remain unresected, or that local metastases may have gone unnoticed during surgery which may later be interpreted as early relapses of the original tumor, has led us to assess urine cytology taken through early bladder lavage after T.U.R. as a means to control complete removal of tumors during endoscopic surgery. After comparing cytologic results with cystoscopic and biopsy findings, it was found that the sensitivity of the method increased progressively with the degree and staging of the original lesion, with "in situ" carcinomas presenting the highest percentages relating to low grade cytology due to the great similarity these cells have with those of urothelial repair. The best time to obtain samples for cytologic study is at the withdrawal of the catheter, coinciding with cessation of hematuria.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytology by lavage in the follow-up of bladder neoplasms].

We evaluated the results of urinary cytology, obtained from bladder washing, in the follow-up of patients with superficial bladder tumors. For the study, we used 545 samples. These were compared with the cystoscopic findings when cytology was negative, and with the biopsy findings when positive. We observed that the sensitivity of cytology increased with tumor grade, stage and number. The highest sensitivity rate was observed for carcinoma "in situ". However, a low specificity rate was observed for single, low grade/stage lesions. False-positives diminished inversely with cytologic grading, which was only 8% for cytology grade 3. There were more false-positives in patients that were on prophylactic therapy with thiotepa. The foregoing increased with the duration of treatment. Bladder lithiasis, abacterial cystitis, urinary infection, adenoma and prostatic cancer found to yield falsely positive results. False-negatives appeared principally in single, low grade/stage tumors. We underscore the low number of false-negatives observed in patients on thiotepa or those with bladder diverticulum. Follow-up of patients with true-negative or false-positive cytology showed a higher incidence and earlier tumor recurrence in the latter patient group. We discuss all the foregoing findings and present a protocol for patient follow-up.

Adenocarcinoma↗