PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Palermo

Publications and source records attributed to G Palermo.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Responding maintained under fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules of electric shock presentation.

Following initial histories under a schedule of electric shock postponement, lever pressing in squirrel monkeys was maintained under fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules of electric shock presentation. No difference in either rate or pattern of responding was obtained when these schedules were presented as components of a multiple schedule. When they were presented singly for long periods of time, the fixed-interval schedule consistently maintained a higher response rate than the fixed-time schedule. The pattern of responding under both schedules was similar, typically consisting of a pause at the beginning of each interval followed by either a steady or a positively accelerating rate of responding. The results suggest that the response-shock dependency is of critical importance in the maintenance of high rates of responding under schedules of electric shock presentation, and support the general view that such responding may be conceptualized as operant behavior under control of many of the same variables that control responding under comparable schedules of food or water reinforcement.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of blood use in Connecticut.

Blood use patterns were studied in a setting essentially free of the constraints of shortage, high-cost, nonreplacement penalties, and high hepatitis risk. Connecticut's hospitals used an average of 0.299 unit of blood per patient discharge in 1978. Interhospital variation was great, with large hospitals using more blood per discharge. The percentages of blood ordered by individual hospitals as red blood cells ranged from 38.9 to 96.2 per cent. Frozen red blood cells were ordered in greater proportion by large hospitals. Relative plasma use was greater in large hospitals, ranging from 0.003 to 0.232 unit per unit of blood. Hospital outdating ranged from 0.1 to 21.3 per cent, with large hospitals outdating proportionately less. Such striking variations suggest that habits and personal preferences may determine the pattern of a hospital's blood use, and, therefore, the costs of blood provision. Statewide from 1971 to 1978, red blood cell ordering increased from 13.8 to 63 per cent of total blood order. Plasma use has increased from 0.025 to 0.130 unit per unit of blood. Blood use per patient discharge has also increased, but more slowly.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microaggregate blood filtration in patients with compromised pulmonary function.

To determine the effect of microaggregate blood filtration on patients with compromised pulmonary function, we divided 50 patients having elective coronary bypass surgery into two groups. One group received all blood transfusions via a 170-micron standard filter (SF). The other group received blood through a 20-micron microaggregate blood filter (MF). Patients were monitored pre- and postoperatively for changes in arterial blood gases and cardiopulmonary function. Mean transfusion volume was seven units (SF) and six units (MF). Preoperatively, patients in both groups showed abnormal lung function with elevated intrapulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt) and alveolar-arterial gradients (A-aO2). Postoperatively, no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were found between the groups for any of the tests of cardiopulmonary function evaluated. Posttransfusion, none of the patients in either group showed clinical signs of respiratory distress. We conclude that even for patients with some degree of pretransfusion pulmonary dysfunction, use of a microaggregate blood filter for six- to seven- unit transfusions does not provide significant clinical benefit.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of microaggregate blood filtration on granulocyte concentrates in vitro.

To determine the effect of transfusing granulocyte concentrates through microaggregate blood filters, granulocytes prepared with a cell processor were passed through screen and depth microaggregate filters. Pre- and postfiltration evaluations were made of total granulocyte count, levels of muramidase, granulocyte viability, motility, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and hydrogen peroxide-forming capacity. Compared to prefiltration levels, a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in postfiltration granulocyte counts was seen for all the depth filters studied but not for the standard 170 microns (control) or the 40 microns screen filter. For the various tests of granulocyte function evaluated prefiltration, no significant postfiltration differences (p greater than 0.05) were seen for any of the filters studied. Screen microaggregate filters retained only 1 to 3 percent of granulocytes contained in the concentrates, and thus appear satisfactory for use in clinical transfusions. The large percentage of neutrophils retained by the depth filters (20-62%), however, precludes their use for transfusion of granulocyte concentrates.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrathecal radioisotopes and phlebography in investigation of ventriculo-atrial shunts in children.

The Authors describe their experience in investigating the functioning and patency of ventriculo-venous shunts in hydrocephalic patients. They examined 41 hydrocephalic children with Pudenz valves, with radioisotope techniques. The radioactive tracers were administered by the lumbar route, by the ventricular route, or directly into the shunt. For lumbar or ventricular administration 131I-HSA, 99mTc-HSA and 169Yb-DPTA were used, whilst 99mTCO4 was the only isotope used for direct introduction into the shunt, effected by piercing the pump of the Pudenz system. The results of these investigations show that introduction of the isotope into the shunt allows obtaining morphological information, depending on the patency of the shunt and on the site of any obstruction. It also provides information about the functioning of the shunt, depending on the presence of hyper- or hypo-shunting. In cases where revision of the distal catheter might be necessary, moreover, phlebographic investigations of the superior vena cava were made. These proved to be particularly useful for indicating the patency of the affluent veins of the heart, thus enabling a precise surgical schedule to be planned prior to operation.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progesterone administration in patients with absent ovaries.

Forty-four women with absent ovaries who were referred to our centre for oocyte donation were treated with oestradiol valerate and natural progesterone. Serum concentrations and endometrial changes were evaluated on day 21 of stimulated luteal phases after the daily administration of 100 mg of natural progesterone in oil injected intramuscularly or after the ingestion of 300 mg of micronized progesterone or after vaginal administration of 300 mg or 600 mg micronized progesterone, respectively. Endometrial tissue did not show evidence of an adequate secretory pattern after orally administered progesterone. However, after intramuscular injection of 100 mg of natural progesterone and after the vaginal administration of 300 to 600 mg of micronized progesterone, the histologic and electron microscopic pictures were similar in all treatment groups and were close to the expected day 21 of the cycle. Serum levels of progesterone after intramuscular injection were five times higher than after vaginal administration.

Administration, Intravaginal↗