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Biomedical subjects

G Patou

Publications and source records attributed to G Patou.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Prevalence of antibodies against parvovirus B19 in Norwegians with congenital coagulation factor defects treated with plasma products from small donor pools.

The seroprevalence of antibodies against parvovirus B19 in 308 Norwegians with coagulation factor defects of different types and severities was assessed by an IgG antibody capture radioimmunoassay (GACRIA). The overall seroprevalence was 62%. The seroprevalence among subjects with different types of coagulation factor defects was related to the type and severity of the coagulation factor defect: severe hemophilia A 64%, moderate and mild hemophilia A 58%, severe hemophilia B 88%, moderate and mild hemophilia B 73%, and von Willebrand's disease 52%. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies among household contacts and blood donors was 49% and 42% respectively. This study confirms that replacement therapy with coagulation factors is accompanied by an increased risk for acquiring parvovirus B19 infection. However, the prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies among Norwegian hemophiliacs is well below the prevalence reported from other countries and probably reflects the small numbers of donors in plasma pools used for the preparation of coagulation factor concentrates.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunoglobulin prophylaxis for infants exposed to varicella in a neonatal unit.

The investigation and prophylaxis with anti-varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG) of 15 preterm infants (24-33 weeks gestation and 1-300 days postnatal age) exposed to varicella on a neonatal intensive care unit are described. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IgG was detectable in 13 infants (24-28 weeks gestation) less than 105 days of age and born to seropositive mothers. Current guidelines recommend ZIG for all preterm infants of less than 28 weeks gestation following exposure to VZV. Our findings suggest that ZIG need be given only to seronegative infants or infants of seronegative mothers and to those over 60 days postnatal age.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with zidovudine and ganciclovir in patients with AIDS: outcome and toxicity.

Sixteen patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus retinitis were treated with ganciclovir alone (9 patients) or ganciclovir and zidovudine (6 patients). The duration of effective treatment, that is the number of weeks during which there was no deterioration in visual symptoms or retinal appearance, was comparable in both groups. However, six of the seven patients receiving concurrent therapy had to cease treatment temporarily because of bone marrow toxicity compared with one of the nine patients treated with ganciclovir alone. It is concluded that continuous concurrent therapy with oral zidovudine and intravenous ganciclovir is not possible unless unlimited supportive therapy including blood transfusion, is available.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Cytomegalovirus in the lungs of patients with AIDS. Respiratory pathogen or passenger?

A total of 166 consecutive clinical episodes of pneumonitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or antibody positive for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) were investigated for evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in their lungs and at peripheral sites to determine the pathogenicity of this virus in the lung and its relationship to peripheral CMV shedding. Evidence of CMV infection was sought in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, blood, saliva, and urine using a specific monoclonal antibody to antigens produced by CMV-infected cells within 24 h. Although CMV was detected in 31 (19%) of BAL fluid specimens, in only six episodes was this the sole pathologic finding. In the remaining episodes either another infectious agent, Kaposi's sarcoma, or lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis was found or no pathogen was detected. None of the patients were given specific anti-CMV treatment, and all but two recovered, including those patients in whom CMV was the sole finding at BAL. The presence of peripheral shedding of CMV did not have any significance in mortality or morbidity. Our findings are in direct contrast to those in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants, in whom CMV pneumonitis is associated with a high mortality. We postulate that this difference is because AIDS patients cannot mount the destructive immune response to CMV in the lung, which we believe to be the basis of the pathology seen in the former group. We conclude that CMV is not a pathogen in the lungs of patients with HIV infection, and we suggest that its presence at this site does not warrant specific therapy in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes: acyclovir v inosine pranobex.

The suppressive action of acyclovir and inosine pranobex was compared in a randomised double blind controlled trial in patients with frequently recurring genital herpes. Fourteen patients received acyclovir and 17 inosine pranobex. Treatment continued for 12 weeks. The time to the first recurrence was significantly longer and the frequency of recurrences significantly less in the recipients of acyclovir. No important side effects were noted. It is concluded that acyclovir is the treatment of choice to suppress often recurring genital herpes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Dosage and safety of long-term suppressive acyclovir therapy for recurrent genital herpes.

131 patients with frequently recurring genital herpes were treated for 1 year with reducing doses of oral acyclovir. The time to first recurrence in patients who commenced therapy on 400 mg twice a day was statistically significantly shorter than those on 200 mg four times a day (p less than 0.02) and as the total daily dose and frequency of therapy were lowered so the time to first recurrence was shortened. By the end of 60 days on 200 mg once a day (the lowest daily dose) 56% of patients had recurrences. Patients showed a marked reduction in the frequency of recurrence during therapy (from a mean of 1.1 per 28 days before to 0.11 during treatment, p = 0.0001). After stopping treatment the frequency of recurrences (0.71 per 28 days) was significantly less than the pre-treatment period (p = 0.001). No important side-effects were seen. It is concluded that long-term suppression with acyclovir is safe and effective for patients with recurrent genital herpes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of first-attack genital herpes--acyclovir versus inosine pranobex.

77 patients with a first attack of genital herpes were entered into a double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of acyclovir with that of inosine pranobex. 24 patients received acyclovir with that of inosine pranobex, and 28 both drugs. Patients treated with acyclovir or both drugs healed more quickly and had a shorter duration of viral shedding than those treated with inosine pranobex. The time to first recurrence and frequency of subsequent recurrences were similar in the three treatment groups. Acyclovir is the treatment of choice for patients with a first attack of genital herpes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

Herpes simplex virus and facial palsy.

An 8-year-old boy developed acute herpes simplex virus stomatitis followed by transient facial palsy. The possible relationship between this virus and Bell's palsy is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Renal aspergilloma--a case illustrating the problems of medical therapy.

The second documented case of renal aspergilloma due to Aspergillus flavus is presented. The merits of the medical therapy that failed are discussed. Pathological examination showed a nidus of aspergillus around suture material persisting from a pyelolithotomy operation 2 years before in India. We argue that this was the reason for the failure of the medical therapy. This is the first case of its kind reported.

Amphotericin B↗