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Biomedical subjects

G Pequignot

Publications and source records attributed to G Pequignot.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Relationship between adiposity and food intake: an example of pseudo-contradictory results obtained in case-control versus between-populations studies.

Seemingly contradictory data support controversies concerning the relationships between food intake and illnesses. The present study of 1035 adults, aged 30-39 years, shows that (1) daily energy intake is not higher in obese than in non-obese people, (2) obesity is more prevalent in social groups where energy intake is higher. These pseudo-contradictory results can be reconciled on the basis of a constitution/environment interaction. A comparison of groups based on presence or absence of illness (obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, etc) shows that some people can develop risk factors, even though their feeding behaviour is normal. This result (no direct relationship) underlines differences in individual susceptibility. When comparisons are made between populations with different diets the results (direct relationship) express environmental factors. The hypotheses on behavioural contribution to the aetiology of certain diseases appears more clearly in between-population comparisons than in case-control studies. Results of comparisons between populations (if the hypotheses they suggest are confirmed by intervention studies) warrant prevention at the level of populations, while results of case-control studies justify particular prevention in subjects at risk.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Alcohol consumption patterns in the department of Calvados (France).

The individual consumption of alcoholic beverages was determined by interviewing 1.976 people, a representative sample of the population. 92% of males and 74% of females drink alcohol but no more than 4% of females consume over 40 g per day, against 39% males. The average intake is greater in rural than in urban areas. Wine is the most popular beverage but the consumption of cider remains important in rural areas. Apple brandy is also consumed in sizeable quantities by rural males. There are few beer drinkers, except in the younger age groups. The implications of these results are discussed. They probably reflect changes in drinking patterns over time; the traditional locally produced cider and apple brandy are progressively abandoned by the young, who turn to beer and aperitifs. Consequent changes in alcohol related pathology are expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Maternal smoking and birth weight in relation to dietary habits.

A study on dietary and smoking behavior during pregnancy was performed between January, 1976, and September, 1979, at the St. Antoine Maternity Hospital in Paris. In addition to the routine clinical examinations at the third, sixth, eight, and ninth months of pregnancy, the women were systematically questioned about their dietary and tobacco habits. No dietary advice was given by the dietitians at any time, nor was there special counseling against smoking. Among 534 women who were followed up, 200 (37%) were smokers before pregnancy. At the sixth month, half of them had stopped smoking and the others had reduced their consumption. The analysis showed that the mean caloric intake and the gain in weight were the highest in the women who continued to smoke and the lowest in nonsmokers. Intermediate results were found in smokers who stopped. Birth weight was, on the average, 70 gm lower among smokers throughout pregnancy, compared with the other two groups, but this difference was not significant. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the negative effects of smoking on the fetus could be compensated for, to a great extent, by extra food.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Varicose veins: a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in middle-aged men?

The prevalence of varicose veins was higher among lower social subjects and was positively associated with a body-mass index, cigarette consumption and diastolic blood pressure. A detailed dietary survey in a subsample of the population showed a significantly higher total calory intake in men with varicose veins but no difference in the distribution of the various nutrients. During follow up for subsequent atherosclerotic disease (average 6.6 yrs), men with varicose veins were at a significantly higher risk for intermittent claudication and, at least in the lower social class, for hard coronary heart disease. No association was found with angina pectoris incidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The quantitative alimentary questionnaire technique used by the I.N.S.E.R.M. nutrition department (author's transl)].

The utilization, during a certain number of years, of quantitative alimentary questionnaire in epidemiologic studies, has allowed: to model a print allowing the interviewer to transcribe the food ingested into an average for each day by a single person, to reflect on the different methods capable of being adaptable to reach this aim and to index the rocks to keep out of, so that this method would be used with chances of reliability.

Diet↗
PubMed1980

[Dietary behavior during pregnancy (author's transl)].

A study on dietary behavior during pregnancy was performed between June and December 1975 at the Saint Antoine Maternity Hospital in Paris. In addition to the routine clinical examinations at the 3rd, 6th, 8th and 9th month of pregnancy, the women were systematically questioned on their dietary and tobacco habits. Results show that: (1) the mean caloric intake is constant during the first trimester and then significantly decreases in the last two trimesters (2) the fatter the woman before pregnancy, the lower the caloric intake at the successive examinations (3) the total weight gain is positively related to the caloric intake during the first trimester, but not related to the dietary data observed at the 6th, 8th or 9th examinations (4) birth weight seems to be more related to body size before pregnancy than to weight gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Food consumption in relation to size of collectivity. Parallel time trends (author's transl)].

The consumption of the French with respect to the size of parishes and its evolution from 1965 to 1974 can be investigated, thanks to the survey of Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques on food consumption of a representative sample of households. During this period, with regard to the growing size of parishes and with respect to time, the percentage of lipidic calories has been raising, chiefly from the decrease in the consumption of vegetable foods which carries with it, at the same time, a decrease of the intake of glucids, dietary fibers and of the total energy intake. The shortcomings of data collecting explain only a small part of the discrepancies observed.

Diet↗
PubMed1978

Ascitic cirrhosis in relation to alcohol consumption.

The average daily alcohol consumption of 184 male patients with ascitic cirrhosis and a random population sample of 778 males was ascertained by interview. Relative risks of ascitic cirrhosis are calculated for different levels of daily alcohol consumption: the logarithm of risk is shown to be a linear function of consumption. The proportion of cases attributable to alcohol is calculated and shown to be over 90%. The potential saving of ascitic cirrhosis if individual consumption of alcohol does not exceed 40g. per day is estimated at 80%.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Blood cells and alcohol consumption with special reference to smoking habits.

In the course of the Paris study on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a large professional group, 7710 active and apparently healthy men aged between 48 and 54 were examined. This study measured the relationship between clinical abnormalities suggesting alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the following blood parameters: white (WBC) and red (RBC) blood cell counts, haematocrit (H), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the former computed as H/RBC ratio. A subsequent analysis was performed on a random sample of 485 subjects without ALD who were questioned on their daily average alcohol consumption. Each subject was classified as ;smoker' or ;non-smoker' according to his daily tobacco consumption for the last five years. Analysis of the data confirmed that smoking and alcohol were related to the blood parameters; but, according to smoking habit, different relationships between alcohol consumption (or ALD) and MCV, RBC, or WBC counts were found: for smokers, RBC count significantly decreased and MCV increased with alcohol consumption (or ALD); for non-smokers, WBC count significantly increased with alcohol consumption (or ALD). So, it would be of interest to consider the relation between alcohol and tobacco in interpreting possible changes in blood parameters and in formulating hypotheses on the mechanisms of their specific action.

Alcohol Drinking↗