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G Perino

Publications and source records attributed to G Perino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

BMP signaling components are expressed in human fracture callus.

Of the various growth factors involved in the healing response after a fracture, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are emerging as key modulators. BMPs exert their effects by binding to a complex of type I and type II receptors leading to the phosphorylation of specific downstream effector proteins called Smads. The current study examined the presence of BMP signaling components in human callus obtained from five nascent malunions undergoing fracture fixation. These callus samples represented various stages of bone healing and a mixture of endochondral and intramembraneous bone healing. We performed immunohistochemistry on the callus, using antibodies for BMP (BMP-2,-3,-4,-7), their receptors (BMPR-IA, -IB, -II), and phosphorylated BMP receptor-regulated Smads (pBMP-R-Smads). Active osteoblasts showed fairly consistent positive staining for all BMPs that were examined, with the immunoreactivity most intense for BMP-7 and BMP-3. Immunostaining for BMPs in osteoblasts appeared to colocalize with the expression of BMPR-IA, -IB, and -II. Positive immunostaining for pBMP-R-Smads suggests that the BMP receptors expressed in these cells are activated. Staining for BMPs in cartilage cells was variable. The immunostaining appeared stronger in more mature cells, whereas staining for BMP receptors in cartilage cells was less ubiquitous. However, the expression of pBMP-R-Smads in cartilage cells suggests active signal transduction. Fibroblast-like cells also had a variable staining pattern. Overall, our findings indicate the presence of BMPs, their various receptors, and activated forms of receptor-regulated Smads in human fracture callus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that documents the expression of these proteins in human fracture tissue. Complete elucidation of the roles of BMP in bone formation will hopefully lead to improved fracture healing care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Malignant mesenchymoma.

BACKGROUND: Malignant mesenchymomas are rare soft tissue tumors that contain two or more distinct histologic subtypes of sarcoma within the same tumor (exclusive of a fibrosarcomatous or hemangiopericytomatous component). They are generally considered high grade neoplasms and are associated with a poor prognosis, although experience with these tumors is limited. METHODS: We report 8 patients seen at our center over the last 22 years and describe the clinical course of a patient with a malignant mesenchymoma arising in the retroperitoneum whose experience typifies the aggressive behavior of this tumor. RESULTS: All eight patients had large, high grade tumors located in the retroperitoneum or thigh. Six of the 8 died of disease and 2 were alive with disease at a median of 30 months from diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant mesenchymoma represents a particularly aggressive form of soft tissue sarcoma. Our experience with this disease highlights the need for more effective treatment strategies for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Sarcoma in association with bone infarcts. Report of five cases.

Sarcoma associated with bone infarct is rare, and only 41 well-documented cases have been published. We describe five additional patients, three women and two men, aged 39 to 57 years. The tumors involved the femur (three patients), tibia (one patient), and humerus (one patient). In three patients, the infarcts were idiopathic. Radiologic evidence of malignancy was found in all patients, and bone infarcts were suspected in four. Four of the patients had malignant fibrous histiocytoma and one an osteosarcoma. Histologically, bone infarcts were seen in all patients, but in three they were mostly replaced by tumor. Portions of intact infarcts were seen adjacent to the tumor, indicating that they had preceded the development of the sarcoma. No hypercellular or atypical reparative tissue was found in the infarcted bones or in three additional uncomplicated infarcts studied from the same patients. The pathogenesis of sarcoma arising in bone infarct is unknown. The prognosis is poor; four of our five patients died within 2 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Resection of brain metastases from sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases from sarcoma are rare, and data concerning the treatment and results of therapy are sparse. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients with brain metastases from sarcoma of skeletal or soft-tissue origin, surgically treated in a single institution during 20 years. RESULTS: In 18 patients the brain lesion was located supratentorially, and in 7 patients infratentorially. Median age at brain metastasis diagnosis was 25 years. Median time from primary diagnosis to diagnosis of brain metastasis was 26.7 months. Lung metastases were present in 19 patients and in 8 patients they were synchronous with the brain lesion. Pulmonary metastases were resected in 12 patients (48% of total, and 63% of those with pulmonary lesions). The overall median survival from diagnosis of the primary sarcoma was 38 months and from craniotomy was 7 months. The presence or absence of lung lesions did not alter the median survival as calculated from diagnosis of brain metastasis. Overall percent survival was 40% at 1 year and 16% at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Because brain metastases from sarcoma are refractory to alternative treatment, surgical excision is indicated when feasible. Brain metastases from sarcoma are uncommon, usually occurring with or after lung metastasis. Long-term survival is possible in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Liposarcoma of the anterior mediastinum and thymus. A clinicopathologic study of 28 cases.

We studied 28 cases of anterior mediastinal liposarcoma occurring in 16 males and 12 females with a mean age of 43 years (range, 14-72). Presenting symptoms included dyspnea (four cases) and chest pain (four cases), although 11 tumors were detected incidentally by routine chest radiography. Seven cases were believed to be located within the thymus. Most (i.e., 25) of the cases were of low grade, with the well-differentiated lipoma-like or sclerosing subtypes constituting 60% and the myxoid subtype constituting 28%; the remaining 12% exhibited mixed features. Three cases were pleomorphic type. Several low-grade tumors exhibited widespread, dense aggregates of mature-appearing lymphocytes and plasma cells, which occasionally obscured the mesenchymal nature of the neoplasm, suggesting instead a lymphoid neoplasm or a reactive fibroinflammatory condition. The three high-grade tumors showed combinations of pleomorphic and round cell patterns, with focal myxoid areas. Of the cases grossly arising within the thymus, only one showed extensive thymic tissue within the lesion ("thymoliposarcoma"); six others exhibited residual thymus peripheral to the tumor. Clinical follow-up in 23 cases revealed recurrence in seven patients (31.8%), with a mean interval to recurrence of 3 years. Eight patients died (mean survival, 2.6 years), one postoperatively and three following a recurrence. Fifteen patients were alive (mean survival, 2 years), four with recurrent tumor. The myxoid tumors had a somewhat more aggressive course than the well-differentiated tumors. Metastases were not observed in any of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Malignant smooth muscle tumors presenting as mediastinal soft tissue masses. A clinicopathologic study of 10 cases.

BACKGROUND: Smooth muscle tumors presenting as mediastinal soft tissue masses are extremely rare and often are mistaken for other neoplastic conditions. METHODS: Ten cases of patients with malignant smooth muscle tumors presenting as mediastinal soft tissue masses were studied and correlated with their clinical behavior. Tissues were examined histologically and with immunohistochemical stains in all cases, and by electron microscopy in two cases. RESULTS: The patients' ages ranged from 26 to 71 years (mean, 56 years); three were women, and seven were men. Three cases were located in the anterior mediastinum and seven in the posterior mediastinum. The patients with anterosuperior mediastinal tumors all presented with signs and symptoms referable to their lesions; the patients with posterior mediastinal masses (with the exception of one) were all asymptomatic. Grossly, the lesions were well circumscribed and unencapsulated, ranging from 6 to 18 cm in greatest dimension and showed a homogeneous, rubbery cut surface with prominent cystic and myxoid areas. The tumors in all patients appeared to arise from the soft tissues within the mediastinum and were unrelated to adjacent structures. In three patients, the tumors compressed and displaced the esophagus without infiltrating its wall, and in one patient, the tumor was found in close proximity, although unattached, to a large vessel. Histologically, the lesions exhibited a spectrum of morphologic appearances that ranged from low grade leiomyosarcoma with mild-to-moderate nuclear atypia and low mitotic activity (< 3/10 high power fields [HPFs]), to high grade tumors with marked nuclear pleomorphism, extensive areas of necrosis, and high mitotic activity (> 10 mitoses/10 HPFs). One case was characterized by a striking epithelioid morphology with large, round cells arranged in small clusters; another was associated with an incidental microscopic focus of thymic seminoma in the adjacent thymus. Immunohistochemical stains in all cases showed positive labeling of the tumor cells with smooth muscle actin, desmin, and vimentin antibodies. Electron microscopy in two cases showed features of smooth muscle differentiation, i.e., spindle cells surrounded by basal lamina material, immature cell junctions, and abundant intracytoplasmic filaments with focal condensations. All patients were treated with surgical excision. On follow-up, three patients with Stage IIIb and IVa tumors died 2-7 years after surgery, and two patients with Stage Ib and IIb were alive and well 4 and 6 years after surgery, respectively. CONCLUSION: Leiomyosarcomas may arise as primary tumors originating from mediastinal soft tissues in both anterior and posterior compartments. Because of their large size and frequent areas of cystic and myxoid degeneration, they may be confused histologically with neural or other neoplasms. As with their counterparts in other soft tissue locations, histologic grade and clinical stage are the most useful parameters for assessing prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Non-germ-cell or teratomatous malignant tumors showing additional rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, with emphasis on the malignant Triton tumor.

Non-germ-cell or teratomatous malignant tumors showing additional rhabdomyoblastic differentiation can be divided into three groups. Group I consists of tumors with only sarcomatous differentiation. Included in this group are malignant mesenchymoma, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, and the dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Epithelial or Sertoli-Leydig cell elements represent the second component of tumors in group II. The best known tumor in this group is the malignant mullerian mixed tumor, but other well described tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation are the carcinosarcoma, mullerian adenosarcoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, mammary cystosarcoma, and blastomas. Most of the tumors in groups I and II are derived from mesenchymal tissue. A neuroectodermal origin is shared by all tumors in group III. This includes the medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma and, most frequently, the malignant Triton tumor. The tumors in all three groups are clinically malignant to a varying degree.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on acrylonitrile administered by inhalation and by ingestion to Sprague-Dawley rats.

Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to acrylonitrile by inhalation at 40, 20, 10, 5 and 0 ppm, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 52 weeks and at 60 ppm, 4-7 hours daily, 5 days weekly. The latter treatment was started on 13-week-old breeders, and male and female offspring (12-day-embryos). The breeders and part of the offspring were exposed for 104 weeks; the other part of the offspring was exposed for 15 weeks only. Sprague-Dawley rats were also exposed to acrylonitrile by ingestion (stomach tube), in olive oil, at 5 mg/kg b.w., once daily 3 times weekly for 52 weeks. Under the tested experimental conditions, acrylonitrile was shown to be carcinogenic in Sprague-Dawley rats when given by inhalation and did not produce any carcinogenic effect when given by ingestion. In the inhalation experiment, acrylonitrile caused an increase in different types of tumors and the most noticeable acrylonitrile-related tumor was encephalic glioma.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1988

Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on styrene administered by inhalation, ingestion and injection and styrene oxide administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley rats, and para-methylstyrene administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice.

Styrene was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation (300, 100, 50, 25, 10 and 0 ppm, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 52 weeks); by gavage (250, 50 and 0 mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks), by intraperitoneal injection (50 and 0 mg in olive oil, four times at 2-month intervals), by subcutaneous injection (50 and 0 mg in olive oil, once). Styrene oxide was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage as styrene (250, 50 and 0 mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks). The animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Para-methylstyrene was also administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at 500, 250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg b.w., and to Swiss mice at 250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg b.w., in olive oil, once daily, 5 days weekly, for 108 weeks and 78 weeks, respectively. The study was terminated when the survival rate reached 50% in at least one experimental group. Styrene, when given by inhalation, was found to cause an increase in total (benign and malignant) and malignant mammary tumors. Styrene oxide produced a high incidence of tumors in the forestomach (papillomas, acanthomas, and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas). Para-methylstyrene was not shown to be carcinogenic.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on propylene administered by inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice.

Propylene was administered by inhalation, 7 hours daily, 5 days weekly, at a concentration of 5000, 1000, 200 and 0 ppm, to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice. Groups of 120 male and 120 female rats (high-dose and controls) or 100 male and 100 female rats (mid- and low-dose) were treated for 104 weeks, and groups of 100 male and 100 female mice (each dose and controls) for 78 weeks. The animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Under the tested experimental conditions, the monomer was not shown to be carcinogenic.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on three chlorofluorocarbons (trichlorofluoromethane, FC11; dichlorodifluoromethane, FC12; chlorodifluoromethane, FC22) administered by inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice.

Three propellant chlorofluorocarbons, namely trichlorofluoromethane (FC11), dichlorodifluoromethane (FC12), and chlorodifluoromethane (FC22) were administered by inhalation at a concentration of 5000, 1000 and 0 ppm, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 104 and 78 weeks, to rats and mice, respectively. The animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Under the experimental conditions, all three compounds failed to show any carcinogenic effects.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on trichloroethylene administered by inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss and B6C3F1 mice.

Trichloroethylene was administered by inhalation, 7 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 8 weeks, at concentrations of 600, 100 and 0 ppm, to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice; and for 104 weeks to Sprague-Dawley rats; and for 78 weeks to Swiss and B6C3F1 mice at concentrations of 600, 300, 100 and 0 ppm. The animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. In the experiments reported herein, 3768 animals were studied. Under the experimental conditions, trichloroethylene appears to be carcinogenic in rats and mice (particularly in male Swiss mice). The most relevant finding was the dose-related increased incidence of Leydig cell tumors in male rats, and the onset of few renal tubuli adenocarcinomas at the highest dose, always in rats (4/130 males and 1/130 females). The renal tubuli adenocarcinomas were preceded by, and associated with, a characteristic lesion of the kidney: tubuli cell karyomegaly (megalonucleocytosis).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on methylene chloride administered by ingestion to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice and by inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methylene chloride was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice by ingestion (stomach tube), in olive oil, at the doses of 500, 100 and 0 mg/kg body weight, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 64 weeks, and to Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation, at the concentration of 100 and 0 ppm, 7 hours daily, for 5 days weekly. The inhalatory treatment was started on 13-week-old breeders, and male and female offspring (12-day embryos). The breeders and part of the offspring were exposed for 104 weeks; the other part of the offspring was exposed for 15 weeks only. The most important findings were: (1) the increased incidence of pulmonary tumors in male mice treated by ingestion at 500 mg/kg body weight; (2) a not-significant increase in total malignant tumors in rats exposed by inhalation at 100 ppm for 104 weeks; and (3) a not-significant increase in total malignant mammary tumors in female rats given methylene chloride by ingestion at 500 mg/kg body weight.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Further evidence of benzene carcinogenicity. Results on Wistar rats and Swiss mice treated by ingestion.

Wistar rats and Swiss mice were treated by ingestion (stomach tube) with benzene in olive oil at a dose of 500 and 0 mg/kg b.w. once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 104 weeks (rats) or for 78 weeks (mice). In Wistar rats, benzene caused Zymbal gland carcinomas, carcinomas of the oral cavity, and carcinomas of the nasal cavities, and an increase in the incidence of total malignant tumors. In Swiss mice, benzene produced Zymbal gland carcinomas and dysplasias and an increase in the incidence of mammary carcinomas (in females), lung tumors, and total malignant tumors. These experiments further confirm that benzene is a multipotential carcinogen as was shown before by long-term bioassays performed on Sprague-Dawley rats in the same Experimental Unit.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of pancreatic tumors and tumor precursors in Sprague-Dawley rats after administration of olive oil.

We studied the pancreata of 280 (140 males and 140 females) olive-oil-treated and 240 (120 males and 120 females) untreated Sprague-Dawley rats of the breed used at the BT Experimental Unit of the Bologna Institute of Oncology. Extra-virgin olive oil was administered by stomach tube, once daily, for 4-5 days weekly, for 2 years. The animals were kept under observation for as long as 130 weeks. Only a borderline increase in acinar cell adenomas and adenocarcinomas was observed. We found no increase in endocrine oncologic lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Haemagglutinating activity of modeccin.

Modeccin, the toxin of Adenia digitata, agglutinates erythrocytes from several mammalian species. The haemagglutinating activity is enhanced by neuraminidase and is inhibited by galactose and by galactose-containing sugars.

Animals↗