Biomedical subjects

G Petroutsos

Publications and source records attributed to G Petroutsos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Clear evidence that long-term, low-dose tamoxifen treatment can induce ocular toxicity. A prospective study of 63 patients.

The current study has prospectively investigated the incidence and course of ocular toxicity after low-dose tamoxifen treatment. Sixty-three patients with cancer who could be examined were analyzed. Tamoxifen was administered on a 20-mg daily dose. Median duration of treatment was 25 months. Median total tamoxifen dose was 14.4 gr. Four patients had retinopathy and/or keratopathy 10, 27, 31, and 35 months, respectively, after tamoxifen initiation (an incidence of 6.3%). Ophthalmologic findings consisted of decreased visual acuity, bilateral macular edema, yellow-white dots in the paramacular and fovea areas in all patients as well as corneal opacities in one patient. After tamoxifen withdrawal almost all ocular abnormalities were found to be reversible, except for the retinal opacities. This is the first prospective study in the literature indicating that even conventional low-dose tamoxifen treatment can induce ocular toxicity. In addition, the authors review and discuss the literature of the last decades.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The effect of indomethacin, diclofenac and flurbiprofen on the maintenance of mydriasis during extracapsular cataract extraction.

Surgically induced miosis (SIM) frequently occurs during extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effect of 3 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs Indomethacin 1%, Diclofenac 0.1% and Flurbiprofen 0.03%, administered topically before ECCE, on the maintenance of mydriasis during surgery. The patients were grouped based on the type of NSAID given preoperatively in addition to the standard mydriatic agents: 46 patients in group A (Indomethacin), 40 patients in B (Diclofenac), 44 patients in C (Flurbiprofen) and 34 patients formed control group D (no NSAID was instilled). Horizontal pupillary diameter measurements were taken, using a caliper, immediately prior to surgery (step 0), after capsulotomy (step I), after expression of the lens nucleus (step II) and after irrigation-aspiration of the cortical remnants (step III). Differences in pupillary diameter between step 0 and the different surgical steps were used as indices of pupillary constrictions observed in the 4 groups. A significantly less pupillary constriction was found in groups A and C than in D between steps 0 and II (p = 0.01) and in groups A and C than in B and D between steps 0 and III (p = 0.001). Our results show that Indomethacin 1% and Flurbiprofen 0.03%, compared to Diclofenac 0.1% and no NSAID regime, are significantly more effective in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Diagnostic tests for dry eye disease in normals and dry eye patients with and without Sjögren's syndrome.

In order to compare the diagnostic tests for dry eye disease and the results of conjunctival impression cytology, we examined three groups of eyes: 146 eyes of normal controls, 108 eyes of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients without Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and 102 eyes of patients with SS. The clinical tests (break-up time, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining) and conjunctival impression cytology specimens from the superior part of the bulbar conjunctiva were evaluated from all the eyes. Our results showed that the patients with KCS without SS have abnormal lacrimal tests (p < 0.001) without changes in impression cytology [nucleo/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C), p > 0.1]. The patients with KCS and SS have also abnormal lacrimal tests (p < 0.01), and their epithelial cells presented squamous metaplasia (N/C, p < 0.001). The goblet cell number remained unchanged in the three groups (p > 0.1).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Association of progressive external ophthalmoplegia and lattice corneal dystrophy].

The authors conducted a study in a family pedigree comprising 33 patients (men 16, women 17). In this pedigree there coexisted patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and corneal lattice dystrophy. Two patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and ten with lattice corneal dystrophy were found. One of our patients (propositus) suffered from both diseases. Our study proves that, in this pedigree, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and corneal lattice dystrophy have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Sterile corneal ulcers in dry eye. Incidence and factors of occurrence].

Sterile corneal ulceration is a serious complication in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The records of 134 patients, 19 males and 115 females, who presented with dry eyes in the Ophthalmologic Clinic were reviewed. Over a period of 6 years, 33 eyes of 23 (17%) patients developed a sterile corneal ulcer. The etiologies of dry eyes in these patients were: Primary Sjogren's syndrome: 10 cases, rheumatoid arthritis: 5 cases, ocular pemphigoid 6 cases, atopy: 1 case, local irradiation: 1 case. Patient's age and sex were not significantly associated with ulcer development (p greater than 0.05). The presence of a major underlying disease was the major contributing factor. Appropriate local treatment and patient compliance were also contributing factors. Blepharitis was found in 90% of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Sterile corneal ulcers in dry eye. II. Treatment, complications and course].

Over a period of 6 years, 23 patients (4 males and 19 females: mean age 56 years) who presented dry eyes developed 33 sterile corneal ulcers. Treatment included occlusion of the eyes or bandage soft contact lenses, prophylactic topical administration of antibiotics, punctal occlusions and currently available tear substitutes. Seventeen eyes healed completely without any corneal opacity and 10 eyes healed with opacity. Nine of the 33 eyes developed microbial keratitis. The causes of microbial keratitis were Staphylococcus aureus in 7 cases, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in one and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one case. The microbial keratitis was treated with intensive topical antibiotics. In 6 eyes, corneal perforation occurred. Rheumatoid arthritis coexisted in four cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Correlation of conjunctival impression cytology results with lacrimal function and age.

Impression specimens were obtained from the bulbar conjunctiva of 146 eyes of 73 healthy volunteers (mean age, 52 years). Goblet cell densities and nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio were determined. Break-up time (BUT), Schirmer-I test (S-I), Rose Bengal scores (RBs) were also recorded. Using a simple linear regression analysis, no correlation between the number of Goblet cells and age, BUT and S-I was found. Negative correlation with RBs (P = 0.05) was found. The N/C ratio has a negative correlation (P less than 0.01) with age and RBs and a positive correlation with BUT (P less than 0.01) and S-I (P = 0.03).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Antituberculosis therapy in the treatment of peripheral uveitis.

Tuberculous uveitis usually appears as chronic anterior uveitis or disseminated choroiditis. From 1982 to 1989, we conducted a retrospective study of 23 patients with presumed tuberculous uveitis. All patients had a positive tuberculin purified protein derivative skin test. The diagnosis was based on history, positive skin test, and physical examination. We excluded other conditions that could induce uveitis, based on the absence of signs, symptoms, or laboratory results suggesting any other diagnosis. Tuberculous uveitis was also considered in the differential diagnosis when progressive ocular inflammation was resistant to corticosteroid therapy. The patients received the following treatment: (1) isoniazid (300mg/day) and rifampin (600mg/day) for nine to 12 months, (2) ethambutol (1200mg/day) in some cases for two to three months, and (3) corticosteroids orally where indicated. In cases with anterior uveitis, we added local instillation of mydriatics and corticosteroids. There was no regression, nor were there any side effects of antituberculosis therapy in all 23 patients. We noted clinical improvement in 78% of cases. Five patients had other conditions (cataract or retinal detachment) that worsened their vision.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

The frequency of pseudoexfoliation in a region of Greece (Epirus).

A study of pseudoexfoliation syndrome frequency has been evaluated in the northwest of Greece (Epirus). In 700 examined patients (greater than or equal to 50 years old) pseudoexfoliation was found in 170 (24.3%). The frequency of pseudoexfoliation increases with age; no difference was noticed between sexes. Ocular hypertension (greater than 22 mmHg) was found in 39.5% of the patients.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

[Treatment of toxoplasmosis. The treatment of toxoplasmic chorioretinitis].

Toxoplasmosis is the commonest cause of inflammatory disease of the posterior segment of the eye. We treated 23 patients with acute toxoplasma chorioretinitis with sulfonamides, pyrimethamine and corticosteroids for a period of 4 weeks. All patients with acute disease had characteristic foci and a positive titer on the Sabin-Feldman dye test. In all patients, we observed clinical improvement within 2 weeks, but one patient with a lesion larger than 2 disc diameters improved after the third week. During the follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 6 years (mean 2.5 years), there have been four recurrences (17%). No serious side effects of treatment were observed in our patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The effect of gentamicin on the corneal endothelium. An experimental study.

Gentamicin sulfate with preservatives was injected into the anterior chamber of a rabbit eye to evaluate its effect on the corneal endothelium. Endothelial toxicity was evaluated by contact specular microscopy and transmission electron microscopy 48 h after injection. The results suggest that doses ranging from 100 to 400 micrograms of gentamicin are not toxic to the corneal endothelium. Endothelial toxicity occurred when 1,000 micrograms of gentamicin was injected.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Effect of cefazolin on the corneal endothelium. An experimental study.

Cefazolin sodium was injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye in order to evaluate its effect upon the corneal endothelium. Endothelial toxicity was evaluated by contact specular microscopy and transmission electron microscopy 48 h after injection. The results suggest that doses of 1 and 2 mg of cefazolin are nontoxic to the corneal endothelium. Endothelial toxicity occurred when 5 and 10 mg of cefazolin were injected.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Comparative study of argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

In 93 phakic eyes--52 eyes with primary open-angle and 41 eyes with exfoliation glaucoma--with increased intraocular pressure, argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed. Fifty to sixty burns were made over 180 degrees of the lower trabecular meshwork. During the follow-up period, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, medication changes and the need for surgery were studied. In 25 eyes a second laser treatment was performed over 180 degrees of the upper trabecular meshwork. Intraocular pressure control was obtained in 81% of the eyes with primary open-angel glaucoma and 71% of the eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. The average reduction of pressure obtained after laser trabeculoplasty was 9.22 mm Hg for the group of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and 13.42 mm Hg for the group of eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (p less than 0.001). Reduction in medical treatment was obtained in 27 eyes from the 71 eyes with successful reduction of the intraocular pressure. In 6 eyes with successful results after argon laser trabeculoplasty, cataract extraction was performed. The intraocular pressure remained normal in all eyes after the operation.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

[Soft contact lenses and the corneal epithelium: experimental study with the scanning microscope].

Thick contact lenses 0.70 mm, of 30% water content, base curve 7.2 mm, power 1,18.00 D, have been fitted to rabbit eyes. After 35 minutes the alterations of the corneal epithelium have been studied using the electronic microscope. The following alterations have been noticed: an increased desquamation in superficial epithelial cell was observed, this detachment was observed only in the surface layer of the corneal epithelium, the number of medium and dark epithelial cells was more important and a significant decrease in microvilli was noted. The study demonstrated in vivo changes in surface cells in rabbit corneal epithelium under an hydrophilic contact lens. These alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of some clinical problems in patients with soft contact lens.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Epidermal growth factor increases tensile strength during wound healing.

Twenty pigmented rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were employed. Under operating microscope control, a Graefe knife was used to perform a 6-mm-long perforating incision in the central cornea. The operated eye which showed a stimulation unit at 4 ng X ml-1 on rat 3T3 cells in 10 rabbits was treated locally with sterile PBS, and on day 30 the rabbits were sacrificed and the operated eye enucleated. The central cornea was excised using a cutting template 10 X 3 mm, with the long axis perpendicular to the center of the experimental wound. The tensile strength was determined by measuring the force of rupture of the wounds using a dynamometer. The results indicate that epidermal growth factor significantly (p less than 0.001) increased corneal wound tensile strength after the first month of healing.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

The effect of concentrated antibiotics on the rabbit's corneal epithelium.

The effect of concentrated antibiotics on the healing rate of epithelial erosions in rabbit was measured by serial standardized photography. Histological studies were also performed. Our results suggest that Kanamycin 30 mg/ml (p less than 0.001), Penicillin 100,000 units/ml (p less than 0.001) and Vancomycin 31 mg/ml (p less than 0.01) administered six times a day retard the epithelial wound healing compared with control animals which received isotonic NaCl.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1984

Effect of ascorbic acid on ulceration in alkali-burned corneas.

Alkali-burned corneas were treated with 2% ascorbic acid. Topical applications and subconjunctival injections were given for 32 days. Treatment with ascorbic acid significantly decreases the incidence of corneal ulcerations and perforations compared to the control group that received the vehicle. These results confirm previous studies and strongly suggest that ascorbic acid presents a potential for use in the alkali-burned human eye.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Comparison of the effects of EGF, pFGF and EDGF on corneal epithelium wound healing.

EDGF, a growth factor purified from bovine retina is able to increase the rate of wound healing of rabbit corneal epithelium in a dose dependent way. Two applications a day are enough to obtain the maximum rate. The most purified preparation of EDGF is as effective as EGF or pFGF in promoting this phenomenon and allows the epithelium to reach its normal organization earlier. Excess addition of EDGF did not adversely affect the normal or healed epithelium.

Administration, Topical↗