Idarubicin in combination with etoposide and cytarabine in adult acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
G Piatti
Publications and source records attributed to G Piatti.
Autologous unpurged bone marrow transplantation for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia in first complete remission.
Twenty-five patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in first complete remission underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) between March 1984 and March 1988. The high-dose therapy employed included cyclophosphamide followed by total body irradiation (10 Gy), administered as a single dose. The median time from complete remission to ABMT was 5 months (range 2-9 months). Thirteen (52%) patients remain in complete remission 10-51 months (median 25 months) after ABMT and 14-60 months (median 32 months) after achieving complete remission. Causes of death were recurrent leukemia (five patients), parenchymal toxicities (acute respiratory distress syndrome, veno-occlusive disease) (three patients), cerebral haemorrhage (one patient), cerebral aspergillosis (one patient) and viral hepatitis (one patient). Six patients relapsed at a median of 5 months after ABMT (range 4-10 months). In conclusion, this study has resulted in survival data comparable to those of other institutions and the best reported outcomes of conventional chemotherapy.
Adolescent↗
Favourable effects of sub-MIC rufloxacin concentrations in decreasing the pathogen-host cell adhesion.
The in vitro effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of rufloxacin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adherence to human buccal epithelial cells were investigated. Epithelial cells were incubated with bacteria, grown in presence of serial dilutions of rufloxacin, from 1/2 MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) to 1/128 MIC. The mean number of bacteria adhering to cells and the percentage of cells bearing > or = 50 bacteria on their surface were counted and compared with those of controls (cells incubated with bacteria without rufloxacin). For both the bacterial strains tested, the maximal inhibition of bacterial adhesion occurred at 1/2 MIC concentrations. A lower, but statistically significant, inhibition was also observed with other sub-MIC concentrations up to 1/32 for both S. aureus and E. coli adhesion. These findings indicate that sub-inhibitory concentrations of rufloxacin, which may be present in vivo in the mucosae in the troughs of the dosage cycle, significantly inhibit the adhesive properties of bacteria involved in mucosal colonization.
Anti-Infective Agents↗
Handling of retroviral antigens by human antigen-presenting cells.
Antigen-specific T helper cells play an important role in retroviral infections. Indeed, they provide help for B-cell activation and antibody production and for clonal expansion of cytolytic lymphocytes. Therefore, we used retrovirus-specific human T helper clones in order to define modes of antigen presentation, antigen-presenting cells and the molecular context of Th epitopes that could be exploited in the design of immunogens aimed at optimizing the Th cell response. In particular, we describe several mechanisms of receptor-mediated antigen uptake that enhance the stimulation of human T-cell clones specific for HIV and HTLV-1 antigens; we report on the differential recognition of Th epitopes depending on the molecular-viral context; we show that dendritic cells are the most efficient presenting cells and are essential for the induction of in vitro primary Th cell responses; and finally, we propose that Th cells specific for internal, conserved antigens of HIV such as reverse transcriptase, may be candidates for intrastructural help resulting in induction of envelope specific antibodies.
Antigen Presentation↗
Interference by subinhibitory concentrations of azithromycin with the mechanism of bacterial adhesion to human epithelial cells.
Azithromycin is the first member of a novel 15-membered-ring 'azalide' group of macrolides that has entered into clinical practice, and its activity is not restricted to gram-positive bacteria, but extends also to gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of azithromycin to interfere with the mechanism of bacterial adhesion to human epithelial cells. Azithromycin induced a significant inhibition of adhesion from 1/2 to 1/32 MIC for Staphylococcus aureus and from 1/2 to 1/16 MIC for Escherichia coli. 1/32 of the MIC for S. aureus means 0.048 microgram/ml, while 1/16 of the MIC for E. coli means 0.25 microgram/ml. At these concentrations no morphological changes in E. coli shape were seen, while sometimes S. aureus cells larger than the normal size appeared. Tissue concentrations of azithromycin decline with an estimated half-life of 2.5-3 days. Since sub-MICs of 0.25 and 0.048 microgram/ml are still able to interfere with bacterial physiology, the effective activity of azithromycin, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, could be extended for 3 days beyond the expected period of antimicrobial activity.
Azithromycin↗
Kinetics of filamentation of Escherichia coli induced by different sub-MICs of ceftibuten at different times.
Subinhibitory concentrations of some antibiotics are able to inhibit adhesion of bacteria to human host cells, to facilitate phagocytosis and to modify the shape of the bacteria cell wall, e.g., variable degrees of filamentation occur frequently in gram-negative bacteria. The kinetics of filamentation of Escherichia coli were investigated by incubation for various periods up to 18 h, with different subinhibitory concentrations of ceftibuten, from 1/2 to 1/128 of the MIC, corresponding to 0.25-0.003 micrograms/ml. Normal shapes, short and long filamentation and bacterial ghosts were observed. The morphological changes in the bacterial cells were influenced by the duration of exposure and by the antibiotic concentration. The greatest filamentation did not occur at 1/2 MIC, the concentration of ceftibuten closest to the MIC, but at 1/8 MIC, and filamentation plus ghosts were maximal between 8 and 18 h of incubation. The morphological changes observed clearly show that ceftibuten has a greater affinity for and impairs the function of penicillin-binding protein 3 (involved in synthesis of peptidoglycan for cross walls) more than other cephalosporins, such as cephaloridine or cefoxitin.
Ceftibuten↗
The in vitro effects of ceftibuten on the host defense mechanism.
The in vitro effects of ceftibuten on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis, phagocytosis and chemiluminescence were investigated. PMN from healthy adult donors were incubated for 1 h in medium alone or in medium containing increasing concentrations of ceftibuten (4, 8 and 40 times the MIC for Escherichia coli). Up to 40 MIC ceftibuten did not significantly interfere with the function of PMN.
Adult↗
Influence of subinhibitory concentrations of brodimoprim and trimethoprim on the adhesiveness, hydrophobicity, hemagglutination and motility of Escherichia coli.
In the present study the ability of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of brodimoprim (a new 2,4-dimethoxybenzylpyrimidine) to interfere with some important aspects of bacterial cell function, such as surface hydrophobicity, fimbriation, motility and adhesiveness to mucosal cells, was investigated in comparison with those of trimethoprim. The inhibitory behavior of both diaminopyrimidines concerning hydrophobicity and hemagglutination (fimbriation) were essentially the same, while for adhesiveness and motility brodimoprim was more effective than trimethoprim. Diaminopyrimidines have high affinity for the bacterial enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, and this reduces the synthesis of essential purines and as a consequence of DNA and proteins. Our findings indicate that the synthesis and/or the expression of surface adhesins, which are proteins, was also affected by both brodimoprim and trimethoprim, the former being more active.
Animals↗
[Sub-MIC concentrations of rokitamycin inhibit S. aureus' adhesiveness to human epithelial cells].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bacterial Adhesion↗