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Biomedical subjects

G Pinto

Publications and source records attributed to G Pinto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Histochemical localization of enzyme activity in the kidneys of male marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata).

The distribution of several hydrolases and oxidoreductases was studied in the renal parenchyma of adult male marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). The oxidative enzymes showed a high reactivity in the proximal and distal tubules, whereas the hydrolases reacted strongly in the proximal tubules but only weakly or not at all in the thick limb of Henle's loop, distal tubules and collecting ducts. The NAD-dependent enzymes (except alpha-GPDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the proximal tubules, while the NADP-dependent ones were more reactive in the thick limb of Henle's loop and distal convoluted tubules. Two groups of interstitial cells were found in the medulla. A first group inside the outer medulla, showing cells rich in acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterases and a second group, close to the papilla, reactive to a certain number of oxidative enzymes. A different reactivity in cells of the distal convoluted tubules, thick limb of Henle's loops and collecting ducts (dark cells) was seen in the case of some enzymes like nonspecific esterase, alpha-GPDH and SDH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early postprandial energy expenditure and macronutrient use after a mixed meal in cirrhotic patients.

The effect of meal ingestion (9 kcal/kg of body weight, 53% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 17% protein, as a liquid formula) on energy expenditure and oxidation rate of carbohydrate, fat, and protein was assessed by indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen excretion before and for 3 hours after eating in stable cirrhotic patients and control subjects of comparable age. Postprandial modifications of substrate and hormone levels were also studied. Compared with basal values, the mean +/- SD resting energy expenditure during the first 3 hours after meal ingestion increased similarly in cirrhotic patients (+0.32 +/- 0.12 kcal/min) and control subjects (+0.31 +/- 0.08 kcal/min). Dietary induced thermogenesis was equivalent to 10% of the energy contained in the meal in both groups. Before eating, the carbohydrate oxidation rate was lower and fat oxidation higher in cirrhotic patients than in the control subjects. After eating, glucose oxidation increased whereas fat and protein oxidation rates were reduced in both groups. As a consequence the amount of fat oxidized in the postprandial period remained higher in cirrhotic patients than in the control subjects. After meal ingestion, serum glucose levels increased whereas plasma free fatty acid and glycerol levels decreased in both groups. The substrates, however, remained significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in control subjects, despite the higher postprandial insulin increment in the patients group, thus suggesting the presence of insulin resistance. Because the postprandial glucose oxidation rate was normal, the low insulin-mediated glucose uptake observed in cirrhotic patients seems to reflect a defect in the nonoxidative disposal of the glucose ingested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of the laryngeal mask for airway control in difficult intubations in children].

LMA was introduced in clinical practice by Arthur Brain in 1983 as a valuable substitute of tracheal tube in adult who underwent general anaesthesia; since then its applications have been extensively studied. LMA is a relatively new non-invasive ventilatory device which has allowed a radical change in the management of modern general anaesthesia. In this study, the application of LMA is assessed during induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in children affected by severe facial deformities that could render the placement of the tracheal tube difficult. Three patients were affected by complex malformative syndromes involving the maxillo-facial skeleton and one patient presented a massive teratoma, originating from the orbit. In all these cases, LMA provided a patient airway and a satisfactory ventilation during both induction and the repeated attempts of inserting the tracheal tube; in one case, since the orotracheal intubation failed, LMA has proved to be as effective as the tracheal tube during the maintenance of general anaesthesia. Therefore, LMA is recommended as an essential ventilatory device in the hands of paediatric anaesthesiologists.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of a case.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a distinctive salivary gland neoplasm with a predilection for intraoral sites. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to study a case involving the minor salivary glands of the buccal mucosa in a 68-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by unenca-psulated, progressing and focally-infiltrative borders and showed variable growth patterns including solid, tubular, microcystic and cribriform; papillary and papillary-cystic areas of more than focal extent were present. Cytologically the neoplasm was composed of uniform, round to cuboidal cells with bland, round to oval nuclei. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, vimentin, focally-positive for EMA and actin and negative for CEA. The significance of the papillary component and the possible relationship to other salivary gland tumors is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) or watermelon stomach syndrome: report of 3 cases and clinical and therapeutic indications].

OBJECTIVE: The authors report their experience in diagnosis, treatment and ambulatorial follow up of 3 cases of obscure upper gastrointestinal bleeding by gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Complete clinical report of 3 cases. Clinical and endoscopic indication, evaluation of effectiveness of endoscopic treatment with bipolar electrocoagulation and follow-up. SETTING: Operative Unit of General and Thoracic Surgery. University "Paolo Giaccone" of Palermo. INTERVENTION: Endoscopic treatment by multiple session with bipolar electrocoagulation. No complications were registered. RESULTS: Complete recovery with "restitutio ad integrum". No relapse were recorded at follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The objective of the treatment is to recognize the site of obscure bleeding and then stop it. The choice between pharmacological, endoscopic and surgical treatment is individual for each patient. According to us, the endoscopic treatment is the first step in a gradual clinical approach, to detect the site of the lesion, to treat with bipolar electrocoagulation or with Argon Plasma Coagulator (lower wall penetration and minimal risk of perforation).

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levobupivacaine versus racemic bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in orthopaedic major surgery.

AIM: Levobupivacaine, a new local anaesthetic, has been recently introduced into clinical practice because of its lower toxic effects for heart and central nervous system. It has been already investigated in epidural and loco-regional techniques, but more has to be known regarding its characteristics in spinal anaesthesia. The aim of our study was to compare clinical and anaesthetic features of levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine when intrathecally administered in 60 patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgical procedures. METHODS: Three ml of glucose-free levobupivacaine 0.5% (group L) or 3 ml of isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% (group B) were administered in 30 patients each. Sensory and motor blockades were evaluated by the pinprick test and a modified Bromage score, respectively. Vital parameters, postoperative VAS and rescue analgesia were recorded as well. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between groups were observed either in anaesthetic potencies or postoperative pain. Either heart rate or mean arterial pressure slightly decreased in both groups, with no preoperative significant differences. Nevertheless, spinal puncture was accompanied by severe hypotension and bradycardia in 2 patients of group B. In both cases, hemodynamics were promptly and successfully treated, with no sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, levobupivacaine results a valid alternative to racemic bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia, the latter remaining a cheap and effective local anaesthetic yet. Notwithstanding the complete absence of any significant hemodynamic complications in the patients of group L, further and larger studies are needed in order to assess if levobupivacaine is preferable to bupivacaine for minimizing the possible cardiovascular impact of spinal anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cavernous angioma of the spinal dura.

Three cases of cavernous angioma of the spinal dura are reported. Two of them were extradural and located in the thoracic segment. One was intradural and situated in the cervical tract. There seem to be no other cases reported in literature. Their clinical presentation was in no way different from that of the much more common neurinomas and meningiomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fabry's disease: kidney insufficiency in heterozygous patient].

We report a rare heterozygous status for Fabry's gene with severe kidney involvement and normal alpha-galactosidase A activity, together with the intrafamilial variations in the clinical expression of the disease. The random X inactivation hypothesis seems to explain such a variable expression of the alpha-galactosidase gene in our cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pregnancy in adolescence. Considerations on a clinical case].

This report deals with developing a psychotherapy with an adolescent mother who had difficulty accepting her new-born child. Descriptive elements are discussed as well as theoretical considerations regarding maternity during adolescence. More specifically, motherhood, a potentially disturbing event, capable even of producing psychosis, is studied in a person whose behaviour in relation to reality is predominantly on an acting level. Our account focuses on this theme and seeks examine how pregnancy, an important emotional event, can cause serious mental disturbances, when it is acted-out.

Adolescent↗