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Biomedical subjects

G Pollavini

Publications and source records attributed to G Pollavini.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[TTS-nitroglycerin and slow-release metoprolol: efficacy in patients with stable exercise-induced angina].

The antianginal efficacy of slow-release metoprolol (SRM) alone and associated to a transdermal therapeutic system containing nitroglycerin (TTS-TNG), was investigated in 10 patients with chronic, stable exertional angina and angiographic evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease, by means of a double blind, cross-over trial. Each patient performed a symptom-limited exercise test 4 and 24 hours after single blind placebo on day 1, and double blind SRM (200 mg) alone or SRM plus TTS-TNG, on days 3 and 5, in a randomized sequence. The protocol of Redwood was employed. Compared to the beta-blocker alone, the combined administration of SRM and TTS-TNG was associated to a significant increase in mean exercise duration 4 hours (528 +/- 180 vs 412 +/- 110 sec.; p less than 0.001) and 24 hours (432 +/- 115 vs 391 +/- 100 sec.; p less than 0.05) after drug administration. A significant increase in mean total work performance 4 hours (4626 +/- 1070 vs 3272 +/- 803 kgm; p less than 0.01) and 24 hours (3445 +/- 1045 vs 2941 +/- 773 kgm; p less than 0.01) after drug administration was observed as well. During placebo all the tests were stopped due to angina associated with ST depression greater than or equal to 1 mm. Conversely, the test was terminated due to fatigue by 8 patients at 4 hours and 5 patients at 24 hours after combined therapy, and respectively by 5 and 1 patient after SRM alone. No side effects were observed after the administration of SRM alone, whereas 5 patients complained of mild headache after SRM and TTS-TNG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Nitroderm TTS in exercise-induced angina pectoris--a randomized double-blind study.

Nitroderm TTS is a new transdermal delivery system for nitroglycerin, consisting of a self adhesive disc from which the drug diffuses into the skin at a predetermined rate through a microporous membrane. In an acute, randomized, double-blind, within-patient study, a TTS formulation releasing 10 mg of nitroglycerin over 24 hours (TTS 10) was compared with placebo and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 20 mg slow-release. TTS 10, ISDN and placebo were given on 3 successive days, according to a 3 X 3 latin square design 3 times replicated, to 9 in-patients with coronary heart disease and stable exercise-induced angina pectoris. At rest, both TTS 10 and ISDN significantly lowered lying (p less than 0.05) and standing (p less than 0.01) systolic blood pressure as compared to placebo, but there was no difference between the 2 active treatments. On the symptoms-limited cycloergometric exercise test, carried out 4 hours post-dosing, both TTS 10 and ISDN significantly (p less than 0.05) improved exercise tolerance in respect to placebo. Treatments were well tolerated. In conclusion, both TTS 10 and ISDN, 4 hours post-dosing, are superior to placebo in improving exercise tolerance in patients with coronary heart disease and exercise-induced angina pectoris. The transdermal therapeutic system, allowing constant plasma nitroglycerin levels over 24 hours, has the advantage of once daily administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of intravenous beta-adrenergic blockade with or without partial agonist activity upon plasma cyclic AMP and catecholamines in healthy subjects.

In a randomised within-subject double-blind study, 7 healthy male volunteers, aged 32 to 40 years, received at rest intravenous infusions of 2 mg propranolol (devoid of partial agonist activity), 2 mg oxprenolol (with partial agonist activity) and placebo. Cuff blood pressure did not vary after any of the 3 treatments. The heart rate did not change after placebo, but fell in the first 5 min both after propranolol and oxprenolol (p less than 0.01); the rate was slightly lower after propranolol than oxprenolol (p less than 0.05). The heart rate remained lower after both beta-blockers than placebo from 5 to 60 min after the infusion (both p less than 0.01), but the difference between the two beta-blockers was no longer significant. Plasma cyclic AMP showed a peak rise at 2 and 3 min after oxprenolol, and remained unchanged at those times after propranolol and placebo. From the 5th to the 60th min after infusion, the cyclic AMP concentration was lower after both beta-blockers than placebo, and with a slightly but not significantly higher level on oxprenolol than propranolol. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher after the beta-blockers compared to placebo. Oxprenolol evoked a smaller and non-significant rise in both catecholamines. That oxprenolol, unlike propranolol, causes a sudden rise in plasma cyclic AMP soon after an i.v. infusion may be due to its partial agonist activity.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1984

Effects of metoprolol and propranolol on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus.

Twenty-two hypertensive diabetic patients were admitted to a double-blind, within-patient study, and treated with propranolol 80 mg and metoprolol 100 mg twice daily for 4 weeks according to a cross-over design. Dosages of the two drugs such as to induce comparable cardiovascular effects, did not induce relevant changes of fasting blood glucose levels in patients receiving the oral hypoglycaemic agent glibenclamide (group 1), insulin (group 2) or diet alone (group 3). Glucose tolerance, assessed with a 75 g oral load, was however decreased by propranolol, and not by metoprolol in the glibenclamide-treated group. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was reduced by propranolol and not by metoprolol both in the group treated by diet alone and in the glibenclamide-treated group. It is concluded that cardioselective metoprolol seems to be more suitable than the non-selective propranolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetic subjects, particularly when sulfonylureas are being used as hypoglycaemic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparative evaluation of the effect of two doses of Nitroderm TTS on exercise-related parameters in patients with angina pectoris.

The effectiveness of Nitroderm TTS 5 and Nitroderm TTS 10 in stable effort-induced angina pectoris was assessed by measuring the tolerance of 20 selected in-patients to cycloergometric symptom-limited tests. During the week preceding the trial previous anti-anginal treatment was gradually withdrawn except for short-acting nitrates. Patients were also familiarized with ergometric laboratory environment. The trial started with a 24-h control period when placebo was given single-blind to each patient. A double-blind cross-over design was then followed, two groups of 10 patients each being subjected successively to two sequences of therapy. By means of the double-dummy technique, Nitroderm TTS 5 or Nitroderm TTS 10 and matching placebos were applied simultaneously once daily for 24 h on two different days. Resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured before starting each exercise test, which was performed 3 h after placebo as well as 3 and 24 h after Nitroderm TTS application. The results of the tests were evaluated in terms of maximum workload, duration of exercise and total work performed for each of the two doses administered and compared with the corresponding baseline values. When compared with placebo both Nitroderm TTS doses produced a significant change (P less than 0.01) in the assessment variables. After application of the active treatment, duration of exercise, total work performed and maximal workload were increased while lying and standing blood pressures were decreased. There was no significant difference between the two doses of Nitroderm TTS in the assessment variables, except for systolic blood pressure and lying heart rate 3 and 24 h, respectively, post-dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Effects of moderate salt restriction in hypertensive patients treated with oxprenolol or chlorthalidone.

Ninety-five hypertensive out-patients, whose lying diastolic blood pressure was still greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg after a 4-week treatment with oxprenolol slow release 160 mg/day or chlorthalidone 25 mg/day, restricted their daily sodium intake for a 4-week period, while continuing to receive the previous pharmacological therapy. The dietary intervention, appositely formulated to moderately restrict sodium intake, resulted in a high patient compliance as assessed by the significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. At the end of the 4-week dietary period, a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in lying and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed in both the oxprenolol and chlorthalidone treated groups. These results suggest that a moderate reduction in sodium intake, obtained from a low sodium diet characterized by high patient compliance and easily followed in everyday life, is effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients who don't respond satisfactorily to pharmacological therapy alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Status of the "cure" of non-complicated myocardial infarct in Italy].

To analyze the state of health care for patients with myocardial infarction, questionnaires were sent to 191 Italian general hospital and university cardiological departments equipped with an intensive coronary care unit (ICCU). A total of 139 returned the questionnaire (72.7%), of which 138 were usefully completed. The mean number of beds per ICCU is 5.7 and still today 14% of the ICCU's transfer their patients to a medical department. The mean time to admission is 7 hours. In the acute phase, rehabilitation is begun in 49% of the ICCU; mobilization and hospitalization times are shorter than in 1978. The most widely employed pharmacological treatment in the acute phase is the glucose-potassium-insulin infusion (74%). Prior to discharge, 16% of the institutions obtain an exercise test, 74% an echocardiogram and 42% a dynamic ECG. Health education programs, on the other hand, are very poor: only a few Centers provide educational material. In the case of recurrent chest pain, 81% of the institutions advise the patients to take nitroglycerin, and 67% with the patients to report to the hospital. Eighty-nine percent of the Centers carry out follow-up tests on all their patients 1 month after discharge. Calcium antagonists and nitrates are prescribed on discharge by one half of the departments. In the post-infarction period an effort test is performed in 54% of Centers; coronary angiography is carried out on the youngest patients in 9% of Centers; in 30% of Centers, coronary angiography is only performed in patients with severe symptoms. Sixty-five institutions administer their own rehabilitation programs, while 35 send their patients to other institutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary Care Units↗
PubMed1983

[Hemodynamic and humoral changes in long-distance athletes].

Cardiac anatomy and function, and some biohumoral parameters, have been examined in 11 long-distance olympic runners, and in 11 healthy untrained control subjects. Echocardiographic methods and computed reading of tracings were adopted. Long-distance runners were also studied within 2 minutes after the end of a 30 Km race. At rest, the athletes had thicker interventricular septa and, posterior walls, higher left ventricular mass index, larger end-diastolic dimensions, cardiac index and stroke index compared to the untrained subjects (all P less than 0.01). Resting heart rate was lower in runners (P less than 0.01). In runners, competitive exercise test induced significant haemodynamic changes (increases in cardiac index, heart rate, stroke index, ejection fraction [all P less than 0.01], decreases in end-systolic dimensions and peripheral vascular resistance [both P less than 0.01]). After exercise, runners showed massive increases both of norepinephrine and epinephrine serum levels (measured in 4 subjects), an increase, in haematocrit and plasma glucose concentration, and a decrease in plasma potassium concentration (all P less than 0.01). In conclusion, olympic long-distance runners have increased cardiac dimensions and wall thickness at rest as compared with healthy untrained subjects matched for age and resting blood pressure. In the former group, a competitive long-distance test results in marked haemodynamic changes, with massive increase in plasma catecholamine concentration and concomitant reduction in plasma potassium concentration. This combination is potentially hazardous, and warrants further investigation.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1977

[Histochemical detection of HBsAg in liver biopsies using the orcein staining method].

Liver biopsies from 30 HBsAg seronegative and 33 HBsAg positive subjects affected by liver diseases were stained by orcein method for the histochemical detection of HBsAg. All biopsies from HBsAg negative cases were orcein negative. Staining was positive in 55% of seropositive patients. The frequency of the different patterns of the staining is analyzed and its value as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in chronic liver disease is discussed.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1976

Serum alpha-fetoprotein in viral hepatitis and its complications.

Alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 40 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 5 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, 15 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis and 5 cases of hepatic coma from fulminant viral hepatitis. Serum concentrations were increased in 55% of patients with acute viral hepatitis and in about 33% of patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis. Levels resulted markedly raised among the patients with coma from fulminant viral hepatitis who survived. The high aplha-fetoprotein values may reflect liver cell regeneration after necrosis of a critical mass of hepatic tissue.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Radioimmunologic determination of the Australia antigen during the course of viral hepatitis].

Australia Antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay technique in 80 cases of viral hepatitis. Incidence of the antigen was 40% in patients with epidemiologic data of infectious hepatitis, 84% in patients with epidemiologic data of serum hepatitis and 61% in a group of patients not reporting a reliable epidemiologic history. The count rate was periodically determined during the course of the illness in the attempt to evaluate, within the limits of the method, the amount of the antigen in the serum samples. Results are briefly discussed, together with the problem of the correlation between the presence of Australia Antigen and the two types of hepatitis infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlorthalidone alone or in fixed combination with slow-release metoprolol in the management of arterial hypertension: a long-term study of 545 patients.

In a double-blind trial, 545 out-patients with essential hypertension received 25 mg/day chlorthalidone alone (274 patients) or in fixed combination with 200 mg/day slow-release metoprolol (271 patients) for 8 weeks. Both treatments significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure; 45.6% of patients receiving chlorthalidone and 82.5% receiving combined therapy had a diastolic blood pressure of less than 95 mmHg. Patients not controlled by chlorthalidone or chlorthalidone plus metoprolol subsequently received chlorthalidone plus metoprolol (137 patients) or chlorthalidone plus metoprolol plus a third drug (34 patients), respectively, for 8 weeks. A total of 79.5% of patients receiving chlorthalidone plus metoprolol and 61.8% receiving chlorthalidone plus metoprolol plus a third drug had a diastolic blood pressure of less than 95 mmHg. Only 5.9% of patients experienced mild to moderate side-effects. Plasma potassium levels significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased during the first 8 weeks only. It is concluded that a diuretic alone or in fixed combination with a beta-blocker is effective in the long-term treatment of arterial hypertension.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Case of autochthonous subcutaneous dirofilariasis in man].

An autochthonous case of dirofilaria infection observed in Italy is described. The parasite was an unidentified species of dirofilaria removed from a subcutaneous nodule of a patient. The most recent data about epidemiology and geographical distribution of the parasite in Italy are briefly discussed.

Adult↗