Evaluation of oral therapy for infant diarrhoea in an emergency room setting: the acute episode as an opportunity for instructing mothers in home treatment.
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Administration, Oral↗
Biomedical subjects
G Posada
Publications and source records attributed to G Posada.
Comparison of glucose/electrolyte and glucose/glycine/electrolyte oral rehydration solutions in hospitalized children with diarrhea in Costa Rica.
The experience of Nalin et al. and Patra et al. with a "super oral rehydration solution (ORS)" containing glucose plus glycine to enhance the intestinal absorption of sodium and water prompted us to investigate a similar ORS containing the standard World Health Organization (WHO/ORS) plus either 55 or 110 mmol/L glycine in infants and small children with noncholera diarrhea. We did not find a statistically significant difference between the glycine-fortified ORS and the standard WHO/ORS with respect to the clinical outcome and composition of serum electrolytes.
Bicarbonates↗
Hypernatremic diarrheal dehydration treated with oral glucose-electrolyte solution containing 90 or 75 mEq/L of sodium.
Of 33 infants with hypernatremic dehydration (serum Na+ of greater than or equal to 150 mEq/L) 7 were excluded, 6 because severe alteration of the level of consciousness or shock precluded oral rehydration and 1 because he was given glucose-electrolyte solution plus water. We studied the remaining 27 infants. Twenty (group A) were treated with the World Health Organization-recommended oral rehydration solution (90 mEq/L Na+) and seven (group B) were treated with Pedialyte-RS (Abbott Laboratories Ltd.; 75 mEq/L Na+). The rehydrating solutions were administered in a volume equivalent to twice the clinically estimated fluid deficit. Initial serum sodium was 156.7 +/- 0.9 mEq/L for group A and 155.8 +/- 1.8 mEq/L for group B (mean +/- SEM). The mean time to achieve rehydration was 14.3 and 16.6 h for groups A and B, respectively. Twenty-four hours after commencing oral rehydration, serum Na+ had decreased to 144.8 +/- 1.8 mEq/L for group A and 144.5 +/- 0.9 mEq/L for group B. In two patients in group A, the serum Na+, which, had not decreased to less than 150 mEq/L at 24 h, did so at 48 h. Only in one case (group A) did the serum Na+ increase. This patient had high stool output and failed to become rehydrated after 24 h of unsuccessful oral rehydration. None of the patients had seizures or persistent CNS dysfunction. We conclude that the slow administration of oral rehydration solutions containing either 90 or 75 mEq/L Na+ is a safe and effective treatment of hypernatremic dehydration.
Dehydration↗
Comparison of efficacy of a glucose/glycine/glycylglycine electrolyte solution versus the standard WHO/ORS in diarrheic dehydrated children.
It was hypothesized that a mixture of glucose and amino acids enhances sodium and water absorption and therefore diminishes the volume of oral rehydration solution, stool output, and duration of diarrhea. To investigate this hypothesis, the efficacies of two oral rehydration solutions (ORS) were compared, one containing (mmol/L): Na+ 90, K+ 20, Cl- 80, citrate 10, glucose 67, glycine 53, and glycylglycine 30, yielding an osmolality of 350 mosmol/kg H2O, and the other, the standard ORS recommended by the World Health Organization, containing the same electrolyte concentrations and only glucose 110 mmol/L, yielding 310 mosmol/kg H2O. The study group comprised 31 infants and small children for group A (receiving solution A, the glucose/glycine/glycylglycine-based ORS) and 31 patients for group B (receiving solution B, the standard WHO/ORS). There were no significant differences between the groups in age, fluid loss, or dehydration, or between the groups with respect to clinical outcome, mean time to achieve rehydration, mean percent body weight gain, and serum electrolyte composition. The only statistically significant difference was the mean time between admission and the last diarrheic stool. The glycylglycine/glycine/glucose electrolyte solution was found to be suitable for rehydration, but not to have an advantage over the standard WHO/ORS.
Bicarbonates↗
[Acute diarrheal disease. Treatment of dehydration].
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Acute Disease↗
[Rapid rehydration by intravenous route in dehydrated children by diarrhea].
Sixty-two children (13 days to 11 years old) with 1-12% dehydration due to acute watery diarrhoea were rehydrated in an Emergency Room Setting by means of intravenous fluid therapy in 6.34 +/- 0.57 hr. Mean duration of hospital stay was reduced and 87% of patients stayed 24 hrs. or less as compared to 36% in previous studies at this hospital. The correction of dehydration and its electrolyte imbalance was done in a shorter time; recovery of the patients was better and the complications were less; the method allowed a more rational use of beds in the Emergency Room Setting.
Acute Disease↗
[Rehydration by the oral route and its maintenance in patients from birth to 3 months old dehydrated due to diarrhea].
Studies of oral rehydration have been carried out in patients three months of age or older. With the exception of a previous report by us, nothing has been written before about the method of rehydration in patients of less than three month of age. During the period comprised between March 1978 and May 1979, we attended 106 patients; age ranging from seven days to three months and weighing 1,900 to 6,080 grams. The The dehydration status ranged from 2% - 4%; in all cases due to watery diarrhoea. Oral or nasogastric rehydration was accomplished in 97% of cases in an average time of seven hours. Several patients presented severe water and electrolyte unbalance, namely metabolic acidosis or hypernatremia. This returned near normality as the patients became rehydrated. We conclude that patients under 3 months of age respond as well as older ones to oral rehydration.
Administration, Oral↗