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Biomedical subjects

G Purdue

Publications and source records attributed to G Purdue.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Management of full-thickness burns of the scalp and skull.

Full-thickness burn injury of the scalp, with or without necrosis of underlying bone, is a complex therapeutic problem. Inability to diagnose depth of injury, controversy regarding wound closure, and a high incidence of acute morbidity are all associated with it. We reviewed the records of 17 patients who had suffered such injury. Wound closure was accomplished by split-thickness autograft alone in three patients, by bone dermabrasion and split-thickness autograft in six, by bone excision and split-thickness autograft in five, and by immediate local rotation flap in three. Systemic and/or local septic complications developed in 50% of all patients who underwent bony debridement. When feasible, early excision followed by immediate flap coverage is the procedure of choice. It avoids the multiple operative procedures required by the more conservative approach to wound closure, thereby shortening the period of primary hospitalization and virtually eliminating the risk of sepsis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Burns caused by automobile radiators: a continuing problem.

In spite of the fact that injury warning labels have been placed on radiator caps for the last 15 years, automobile radiator scald burns continue to be a burn prevention problem. The temperature of radiator fluid may be as high as 100 degrees F to 250 degrees F in a properly functioning car and higher in an overheated vehicle. From 1974 to 1990, 100 patients with burns that were caused by automobile radiators have been admitted to the Parkland Memorial Hospital Burn Unit (1.5% of acute admissions). Eighty-two percent of the injuries occurred in the summer months, and 93% of the patients were male. Mean age was 31 +/- 17 years (range, 8 months to 79 years), and mean burn size was 11.3% total body surface area (TBSA) (range, 1% to 32%) with a mean full-thickness burn size of 0.6% TBSA. Length of stay was 7 +/- 7.4 days (range, 1 to 38 days). Burns to the face, neck, and trunk necessitated most admissions. Although there were no deaths, five patients required intensive care for airway monitoring; mean length of stay was 6 days. One patient required endotracheal intubation for a total of 11 days. Ten patients required one or more skin grafting procedures, and three patients required burn resuscitation. Four patients sustained minor ocular injuries. A subgroup of patients demands special review: 10 children younger than 10 years of age (mean age, 4.1 years) of which 70% were boys. Mean burn size was 15.5% TBSA; mean full-thickness burn size was 2.4% (four times larger than the mean burn size for the adult population).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does the use of an enteral feeding tube with a pH-sensitive tip facilitate enteral nutrition?

Enteral feedings are often used to achieve adequate, cost-effective nutritional support. Placement of feeding tubes is accomplished by either a trained nurse or physician form a nutritional support team. A radiographic examination is required to confirm proper placement. These examinations are expensive and delay initiation of feeding while radiographs are taken and evaluated. A new enteral feeding tube (pH-FT) that incorporates a permanent pH-sensitive tip into a small-bore feeding tube has been developed. A detachable meter is used to monitor pH. This study was undertaken to determine if the pH-FT was reliable in determining placement as compared with radiograph interpretation. Twenty inpatients (14 males and six females) with diagnoses including major burn, trauma, and gastrointestinal disease were intubated with the use of pH-FT. Measurement of pH was taken at the time the radiographic examination was done. Reference pHs used include the following: stomach, 1.1 to 2.0; stomach in the presence of antacids/H2 blockers, 3.5 to 5.0; and the duodenal, 6.0 to 7.3. Of the 20 patients studied, there were four in whom the pH assessment indicated stomach placement with 100% radiograph confirmation. Sixteen patients had duodenal placement indicated by pH assessment, with radiograph confirmation in 88% (14) of the patients. Two patients had a pH indicating duodenal placement, and radiographic examination showed placement to the pH-FT in the stomach. Two benefits of the pH-FT would be decreased cost and earlier initiation of enteral feeding when the radiographic examination and interpretation are eliminated.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser Doppler flowmetry in burn wounds.

Traditional methods for judgment of burn depth by clinical evaluation of the wound based on appearance and sensation remain in wide use but are subject to individual variation by examiner. In addition to the clinical difficulties with burn wound management, observer dependency of wound assessment complicates clinical trials of burn wound therapy. A laser Doppler flowmeter with a newly designed multichannel probe was used to measure burn wound perfusion as a tool to predict wound outcome. Wounds that healed spontaneously in fewer than 21 days showed higher average perfusion levels than those that required excision and grafting or that were not healed by day 21 after the burn. Laser Doppler flowmetry had a positive predictive value of 100% for nonhealing wounds on postburn days 1 and 3. These data suggest that laser Doppler flowmetry is a potentially useful tool for burn wound assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early assessment of pediatric burn wounds by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Evaluation of burn wound depth in pediatric patients is often difficult. A Laser Doppler Flowmeter with a temperature-controlled multichannel probe was used to measure burn wound perfusion as a tool to predict wound outcome. The average perfusion levels for wounds that healed spontaneously in fewer than 21 days was significantly higher than the average perfusion levels for wounds that required excision and grafting or were not healed by day 21 after burn injury. Laser Doppler Flowmetry showed high positive predictive values for "nonhealing" wounds on postburn days 1, 2, and 3. These results suggest that Laser Doppler Flowmetry is a useful tool for burn wound assessment in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The 1996 Clinical Research award. Use of a pneumatonometer in burn scar assessment.

The evaluation of wound outcome after burn injury is a challenging problem in the performance of clinical trials evaluating potential impact on wound healing and scar formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an ocular tonometer could be adapted to provide an objective measurement of scar compliance. A pneumatonometer was used to perform measurements of cutaneous compliance at 8 anatomic areas (14 separate sites) on each of 17 normal volunteers and on 59 burn scars. Comparison of different anatomic sites showed there to be significant differences in the cutaneous compliance of different areas. The aggregate compliance of the burn scars in all sites was less than that of the control sites. These results indicate that the pneumatonometer can discern differences in the compliance of normal skin and differences between normal skin and scar and suggest that it may be a useful tool in the objective assessment of scar formation.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

American Burn Association/Shriners Hospitals for Children burn outcomes questionnaire: construction and psychometric properties.

To develop a standardized, practical, self-administered questionnaire to monitor pediatric patients with burns and to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive pediatric burn management treatments, a group of experts generated a set of items to measure relevant burn outcomes. Children between the ages of 5 and 18 years were assessed in a cross-sectional study. Both parent and adolescent responses were obtained from children 11 to 18 years old. The internal reliability of final scales ranged from 0.82 to 0.93 among parents and from 0.75 to 0.92 among adolescents. Mean differences between parent and adolescent were small; the greatest difference occurred in the appearance subscale. Parental scales showed evidence of validity and potential for sensitivity to change. In an effort to support the construct validity of the new scales, they were compared with the Child Health Questionnaire and related to each other in clinically sensible ways. These burn outcomes scales reliably and validly assess function in patients with burns, and the scales have been developed in such a way that they are likely to be sensitive to change over time.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serial measurements increase the accuracy of laser Doppler assessment of burn wounds.

Traditional methods of judging burn depth by clinical evaluation of the wound based on appearance and sensation remain in wide use but are subject to individual variation by examiner. In addition to the clinical difficulties with burn wound management, observer dependency of wound assessment complicates clinical trials of burn wound therapy. A laser Doppler flowmeter with a multichannel probe was used to measure burn wound perfusion as a tool to predict wound outcome. Serial measurement with laser Doppler flowmetry had an 88% specificity and a positive predictive value of 81% for identifying nonhealing wounds. These results suggest that laser Doppler flowmetry is a potentially useful tool for burn wound assessment.

Adolescent↗