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Biomedical subjects

G R Giles

Publications and source records attributed to G R Giles.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy following palliative resection of gastric cancer.

Twenty-five patients with residual tumour after resection of a primary gastric cancer were randomized to receive either 5-Fluorouracil or BCNU postoperatively or kept under close observation. Some patients receiving chemotherapy may have benefited by a delay in progression of their disease but this was short lived and subsequently all but one patient has died within a 4-year period of follow-up. There does not seem to be any advantage in treating patients who have residual gastric cancer with 5-FU and BCNU therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The use of dermal antigen testing in predicting the outcome of renal transplantation.

The responses to dermal antigen testing to a variety of antigens were measured in patients on regular dialysis. Forty-eight patients have received renal allografts and graft survival was assessed at 6 months. The antigens used were mumps, monilia, streptokinase/streptodornase, tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The responses to these antigens were recorded using standard methodology. The response failed to correlate with graft survival in these patients when compared singly or in combination. Matching at the HLA-B locus was also correlated with graft survival. Of 31 patients with a match at this locus, 22 (71 per cent) have functioning grafts at 6 months, compared with only 4 of 13 (31 per cent) of patients with no match at the B locus (P less than 0.05). When matching at the B locus and DNCB scores were taken in combination, it became evident that those patients with no match at the B locus and low DNCB reactivity all rejected their kidneys within 4 months of transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Upper limb anthropometry: the value of measurement variance studies.

If a test involves subjective evaluation then different observers will record different findings. This is true of upper limb anthropometry. Unless the interobserver measurement variation is quantified then the detection of real, rather than apparent, measurement changes is hindered. This paper uses a new statistical approach to interpret apparent measurement changes in the presence of observer variation.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

The assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Daily protein and calorie intake, three plasma protein estimations, two upper limb anthropometric measurements, and estimated weight loss were all determined in 31 patients attending a surgical oncology outpatient department. The patients, who had had prior resection of a gastrointestinal cancer, could be divided into three groups depending on (i) the absence of clinically detectable tumour; (ii) the presence of clinically detectable tumour with survival over the ensuing four-month period; and (iii) clinically detectable tumour without survival over the ensuing four-month period. The variables least able to discriminate between these groups, and to interrelate to the other variable in a cross-correlation matrix, were the dietary intake data and the estimated weight loss. It is concluded that protein-calorie malnutrition can be adequately assessed in patients with advanced cancer from studies of the plasma albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, arm fat area, and arm muscle area.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

Factors influencing the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus following renal transplantation.

After successful renal transplantation there is continuing malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus. This is due in part to impaired glomerular filtration rate, and in part to the action of steroid on calcium and phosphorus absorption. The effect of steroids is most marked over the first 18 months after transplantation and causes significant malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus even though good graft function is established. Calcium and phosphorus malabsorption can be improved by exogenous 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (oral 1 alpha-OH D3 or 1,25-[OH]2D3).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of CEA in patients with known residual disease after resection of colonic cancer.

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 43 patients following incomplete excision of colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven patients received chemotherapy. In the majority the subsequent elevation of CEA could be related to clinical progression, but some patients receiving chemotherapy may have a suppressed rate of CEA rise and may have a more prolonged survival.The clinical application of serial CEA estimations remains of dubious value. However, one area which may be worthy of study is to determine whether suppression of the CEA slope by chemotherapy is attended by clinical control and an improved survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Suppressor cell activity of peripheral mononuclear cells from patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis.

The enhanced in vitro proliferative response of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) when pre-cultured for 24 hours prior to the addition of Concanavalin-A has been used as an indirect parameter of suppressor cell activity in healthy subjects and in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. The proliferative response of PMNC from haemodialysis patients is lower than that of control subjects when Con-A is added at the initiation of culture but approximates to that of normal subjects when the addition of Con-A was deferred for 24 hours. The Suppressor Indices of PMNC from haemodialysis patients were at least as great and sometimes greater than those of control subjects but the absolute T-cell counts were lower in haemodialysis patients than in controls. These results suggest that the relative energy of haemodialysis patients is partly attributable to T-cell depletion but this is accompanied by retention, and in some cases augmentation, of suppressor cell activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ruptured hepatic aneurysm in systemic lupus erythematosus.

We report on a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who suffered catastrophic haemorrhage following rupture of an intrahepatic aneurysm. The association between hepatic artery aneurysm and SLE has not been recorded previously, but we have found evidence from the literature that there may be an association between autoagressive disorders and this surgical emergency.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prolongation of murine skin allografts across a major histocompatibility locus using supernatants from con-A activated spleen cells.

Supernatants from Concanavalin A-activated mouse spleen cell cultures have been found to prolong skin graft survival across the H-2 locus in the mouse. There exist in these supernatants non-specific factors synthesized by suppressor T cells which have been activated by sub-optimal concentrations of Concanavalin A in vitro. The possible nature of these factors is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of haemodialysis and transplantation on autonomic neuropathy.

Autonomic nerve function as measured by the Valsalva ratio and the blood pressure response to sustained hand grip, is impaired in chronic renal failure. Treatment with haemodialysis results in insignificant improvement in the Valsalva ratio and a trend towards improvement in the hand grip tests. Transplantation improves but does not return to normal the Valsalva ratio, whereas the hand grip test is rapidly restored to normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of transplantation on dialysis dementia.

Seven patients with dialysis dementia are described. Three patients, symptomatic from dementia at the time of transplantation, had a rapid exacerbation of their symptoms with deterioration to death. Four patients, asymptomatic at the time of transplantation, developed symptoms of dementia after surgery. Two of these had a rapidly fatal illness while the remaining two had a mild illness. One subsequently died from a myocardial infarction while the other gradually improved sufficiently for her to return to work. This experience indicates that transplantation is to be avoided in patients with dialysis dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cell viability studies on the exfoliated colonic cancer cell.

Suspensions of desquamated colonic cancer cells were obtained from patients with cancer of the large bowel by colonic exfoliative cytology and from resected specimens of colonic cancer by an exfoliative technique. In addition, a tumor suspension was obtained from the resected specimens. Cell viability studies were performed on these cell suspensions. Whereas 23 of the 25 tumour homogenate cell suspensions were shown to exclude trypan blue, none of the exfoliated colonic cancer cell suspensions had viable cells. This finding would cast some doubt on the hypothesis that suture line recurrence following large bowel cancer surgery is due to the implantation of cells desquamated from the surface of the growth.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1978

Perfusion characteristics of preserved canine kidneys subjected to warm ischaemia.

Canine kidneys were subjected to 0, 15 or 30 min of warm ischaemia followed by 24 hours preservation by perfusion. Changes in perfusate concentration of acid radicles, lactate, free fatty acid and lactice dehydrogenase were assessed at 1 hour and 24 hours. With the exception of LDH concentration at 1 hour, no single parameter was capable of detecting kidneys which were so damaged as to be non-life supporting.

Animals↗