Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G R Mikhaĭlova.
Many in vitro and in vivo experiments using contemporary methods supported safety and efficiency of "VITA" device protecting humans and living beings from electromagnetic fields. Therefore, bioenergetic safety device "VITA" is advisable for use.
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With the aid of the C-method of chromosome staining marker chromosomes three classes of human continuous cell lines were studied: 1) HeLa and HeLa-like cell lines (HEp-2, U, KB); 2) non-HeLa cell lines, with type B mobility of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (HOS, A-549, A-204); 3) lymphoblastoid cell lines (Raji, Namalva, L-101). Two C-marker chromosomes were observed in two investigated cell lines A-204 and KB, one C-marker chromosome was observed in HEp-2, HeLa, U, A-549, Namalva cell lines; C-markers were absent in HOS and L-101 cell lines. Y-chromosome was found in Raji, A-549 and L-101 cell lines. The C-method of chromosome staining is a simple method, promoting an intraspecific identification of human cell lines.
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A comparative karyologic analysis of three continuous cell lines of different origin (HEp-2, FL and RH) has shown them differing from each other both in the number of chromosomes, and in marker chromosomes. In cultures HEp-2, the modal class consists of cells possessing 58-59 chromosomes, cells in cultures Fl and RH have 60 and 66 chromosomes, resp. Marker chromosomes both similar and not similar, i.e. characteristic of a given cell line only were found in all the investigated cell lines. The data obtained do not exclude a possibility of contamination of studied continuous cell cultires with HeLa cell line.
Comparison of the results of the karyologic analysis of two Hela cell sublines (HeLa1 and HeLa2), obtained from different sources, and of Detroit-6 cell line has shown that all the lines contain marker chromosomes characteristic of the HeLa cell line. Detroit-6 cell line marker chromosomes are similar to markers of the HeLa subline (HeLa1). At the same time, part of marker chromosomes in the two sublines of HeLa cell line (HeLa1 and HeLa2) are different. These data show that HeLa1 and Detroit-6 cell lines are more similar than two sublines of the same HeLa cell line.
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A persistent infection of the continuous embryonal pig kidney cell cultures induced by a rat parvovirus (the Kilhem virus) did not alter morphological or karyological characteristics of the cultures, and caused no transformation of these. The data obtained suggests the resistance of the pig karyotype to the virus under investigation.
Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow cells of mice after inoculated differently with viral vaccines (fixed rabies virus, antirabic vaccine with the remainder virulence and fully inactivated with ultraviolet light antirabic vaccine) showed that all the vaccines, except the fully inactivated one, caused temporary damages of chromosomes interfering with the process of the first mitotic divisions after the beginning of immunization. The live fixed rabies virus caused a secondary, more significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations at later periods of investigation (30-60 days after starting the experiments). The fluorescent antibody technique detected the specific fixed rabies virus antigen in the bone marrow cells of immunized animals within 3-90 days.
The brain cells of the suckling mice line MSB-1-K-33 chronically infected by an attenuated variant of the Japanese encephalitis virus and of cell clones isolated from the later, had mainly a neartetraploid keryotype (the modal class 70-71 chromosomes). In metaphases of cloned cell populations, an increase of number of the chromosomes was especially obvious in clones 3 and 4 (modal classes in both cases were 76-77 chromosomes). Cell population of clone 1 differed insignificantly from that of the parental line MSB-1-K-33 in respect of its cytogenetic characteristics. In metaphases of the line MSB-1-K-33 and clones 1, 3, and 4, a high frequency of chromosomal damages was observed. The most frequent type of structural chromosome aberrations were chromatid breaks. The karyotypes of clones 3 and 4 were characterized by presence of a large marker metacentric chromosome in 50-53% of the cells. The data obtained suggest a continuous effect of the Japanese encephalitis virus on the karyotype of cells in infected culture.
Oncornaviruses isolated from transplantable cell cultures Hep-2 and RH were used for inoculating primary tripsinized cell cultures of human foetal kidney (HFK) and human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF). In all 15 cases no transformation of HEF cells was noted. In inoculation of HFK with oncornaviruses isolated from RH cell culture in 2 of 16 cases there were obtained transformed cell cultures: HFK+VRH and HFK+VRH Mc) occurred twice as fast. The transformed cell cultures have gone through 15-23 passages and were characterized by a high mitotic activity, production of oncornaviruses, type A and B, and absence of contact inhibition, a capacity for multistratum three-dimensional growth, the modal number of chromosomes 64 and a mixed type AB of electrophoretic mobility of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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A comparative study on the effect of a number of viral vaccines (live and inactivated vaccinia, poliovirus type II, measles, rabies vaccines) on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells was carried out. Most vaccines were found to impair the process of first divisions of these cells after vaccination. Live vaccinia vaccine and live fixed rabies virus cause an increase in the rate of structural chromosome aberrations at later intervals, 30-90 days after immunization. The main type of chromosome disorders is chromatid break. Some of the live vaccines studied (poliovaccine type II, measles vaccine) and inactivated vaccines caused no increase in the rate of cromosome structure disorders as compared to the control. Live fixed rabies virus exerts a stronger impairing effect on division of mouse bone marrow cells than a rabies vaccine with residual virulence. A rabies vaccine completely inactivated by UV-irradiation had no impairing effect on chromosomes of immunized animals. Thus, some live vaccines, unlike inactivated ones, cause chromosome disorders in bone marrow cells of mice late after immunization and, apparently, subsequent death of some cells with the most important distrubances.
In bone marrow cells of the first generation progeny obtained from mice intensively immunized with live antiviral vaccines (poliovaccine, measles and smallpox vaccines) an increase of chromosome frequency aberrations is observed mainly due to chromatid breaks. Simultaneously a considerable delay in growth was determined for progeny obtained from the vaccinated animals as compared with the control.
Reproduction of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) was studied in organ cultures of human embryo intestine under conditions of mono- and combined infection. The titer of JE virus in monoinfection reached its maximum level (10(7) TCD50/ml) whereas the titer of CMV did not exceed 10(2) TCD50/ml. In combined infection the titer of CMV increased to 10(5.5) TCD50/ml and the titer of JE virus remained at the same level (10(7) TCD50/ml). The results obtained in light and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that in monoinfection CMV causes considerably earlier and more profound degenerative changes in mesanchymal elements of embryonal intestinal tissues than does JE virus. At the same time the combined infection of organ cultures with these viruses is not cytocidal.