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Biomedical subjects

G Radetti

Publications and source records attributed to G Radetti.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Growth hormone-binding proteins, IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Growth hormone binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins were determined in 54 children and adolescents affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus (25 prepubertal and 29 pubertal) showing reduced height velocity and the results were compared to those of 104 matched controls. Growth hormone binding proteins were similar in prepubertal and pubertal subjects but were significantly lower in the prepubertal diabetic group than in controls. Insulin-like growth factor I was low both in prepubertal and pubertal diabetic subjects. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 was similar to controls, while insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 and 2 were always high in diabetic children. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 was high only in the prepubertal diabetic group. In conclusion, a low insulin-like growth factor I in diabetic children seems to depend on a GH receptor and/or a postreceptor defect. A low insulin-like growth factor I together with a normal insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and high levels of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1, 2 and 4 results in a reduced bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor I to target tissues. This could be a possible contributing factor to the reduced height velocity seen in our diabetic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Graves' disease].

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Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMed1996

Postnatal variations of growth hormone bioactivity and of growth hormone-dependent factors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the low insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) levels that are observed in the neonate depend on the biological inactivity of the molecular forms of growth hormone (GH) or on the immaturity of the hepatic GH receptors during the early postnatal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 60 normal full-term neonates on day 5 and at 1 and 4 months of age to evaluate the GH concentrations by using both an immunofluorometric assay and Nb2 cell bioassay, as well as the GH-binding protein, IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein 3 values by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Five-day-old neonates showed significantly higher (P < .001) mean +/- SEM GH levels that were measured by using the immunofluorometric assay (27.22 +/- 1.62 micrograms/L) and Nb2 cell bioassay (3.56 +/- 0.14 U/mL) compared with those levels in 11 prepubertal children who were studied as control subjects (1.26 +/- 0.28 micrograms/L and 0.74 +/- 0.08 U/mL, respectively). At 1 and 4 months of age, GH values that were measured by using both the immunofluorometric assay (9.15 +/- 0.89 and 2.58 +/- 0.32 micrograms/L, respectively) and Nb2 cell bioassay (2.52 +/- 0.11 and 1.71 +/- 0.15 U/mL, respectively) were decreased significantly (P < .001). In 5-day-old neonates, we observed significantly lower (P < .001) serum GH-binding protein (9.73% +/- 0.42%), IGF-I (67.63 +/- 5.20 ng/mL), and IGF-binding protein 3 (1.46 +/- 0.17 mg/L) concentrations compared with those in the prepubertal children (30.74% +/- 2.01%, 210 +/- 25 ng/mL, and 3.08 +/- 0.22 mg/L, respectively). At 1 month of age, serum GH-binding protein (16.00% +/- 0.70%) and IGF-binding protein 3 (2.96 +/- 0.30 mg/L) values were increased significantly (P < .001), while IGF-I levels (72.55 +/- 7.6 ng/mL, P = .09) were not increased. Serum IGF-I values were increased significantly (P < .005) at 4 months of age (97.94 +/- 9.68 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: The interaction of bioactive molecular forms of GH with the increased hepatic GH receptors induces the rise in postnatal IGF-I levels in early infancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of cortical thickness and bone density by roentgen microdensitometry in growing males and females.

UNLABELLED: The bone mineral content (BMC) and the cortical thickness at the distal radius and at the II metacarpal were assessed in growing individuals (167 females and 158 males) by radiometric and quantitative roentgen microdensitometric methods. BMC adjusted for age and pubertal status was significantly higher in males than in females. However, the BMC corrected for bone volume (volumetric bone density, g/cm3) and the metacarpal cortical index (cortical area/total area) were identical in males and females. BMC rose progressively with age, approaching a plateau by the end of puberty. Lower but still significant increases with age were also observed for volumetric bone density of the metacarpus and the metacarpal index. These increases were also most marked by the end of pubertal maturation and might be related to diminution of bone turnover. CONCLUSION: This study provides the normative data of bone mass in growing individuals by making use of a reasonably accurate and easily available technique. The results obtained indicate that most of the differences between males and females and the changes with age are related to changes in skeletal dimension rather than density.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

[Precocious puberty].

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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1995

Frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

A total of 1419 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus was investigated in order to assess the true frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), diagnosed by microsomal and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies, by ultrasound and in many cases also by fine needle biopsy. According to these criteria, 55 cases (3.9%) of HT were identified, a number significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than the distribution reported in the normal paediatric population. No typical antibody pattern was seen prior to the onset of HT, nor was an antibody threshold level found which could have been diagnostic for this disease. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were treated with L-thyroxine and were investigated regarding the behaviour of anti-thyroid autoantibodies; however, no significant changes were seen. The data showed a high frequency of HT in diabetic children, and therefore we recommend that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus should be screened for thyroid autoantibodies and those positive should undergo periodic thyroid function testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Frequency, clinical and laboratory features of thyroiditis in girls with Turner's syndrome. The Italian Study Group for Turner's Syndrome.

A total of 478 patients, mean age 15.5 (3.6-25.3) years, suffering from Turner's syndrome, were studied in order to determine the frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis, which is defined as the presence of antithyroid antibodies (AT-Ab) and typical ultrasound findings. We found 106 (22.2%) patients positive for AT-Ab and of those 49 (10%) also had positive ultrasound findings, and were therefore considered to be affected by thyroiditis. This frequency is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that seen in the normal population. Goitre was detected on clinical examination in only 16 (33%) and by ultrasound in 19 (39%) patients. Hormonal evaluation showed that 17 patients were euthyroid, 27 had compensated hypothyroidism, 2 were hypothyroid and 3 were in a hyperthyroid phase. Clinical signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism were absent in all hypothyroid patients. In patients with thyroiditis, neither a higher frequency of malformations and autoimmune diseases nor a correlation with karyotype, oestrogens or growth hormone therapy was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cardiovascular effects of long-term L-thyroxine therapy for Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children and adolescents.

Morphology and function of the left ventricle were evaluated by echo and Doppler examination in 16 females affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, aged 13.3 (4.5) years (range 7.9-24.6). They were on L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment for a period of 2.8 (2.8) years (range 0.8-7.6) with a mean daily dose of 77 (18) micrograms/m2. Left ventricular mass, systolic and diastolic function, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance did not differ from a control group matched for age, sex and body size. A further analysis of the patients according to thyrotrophin serum levels (less or more than 0.1 mU/l) gave similar results. Moreover, no relationship was found between echocardiographic findings and age, L-T4 daily doses, duration of treatment and serum level of thyroid hormones. We can therefore conclude that chronic L-T4 treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis at the given doses did not affect cardiac function and morphology in children and adolescents; however, a longer follow-up is needed before confirming the safety of this therapy in the long term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Altered adrenal and thyroid function in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

In 129 children, aged 12.6 +/- 3.8 years, affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus, the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol, T3, fT3, T4, fT4, rT3, TSH, cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated and compared with those of a control group of 458 healthy age-matched children. The results were also correlated with hemoglobin HbA1C. The DHEAS-standard deviation score (DHEAS-SDS; -0.36 +/- 0.77) was significantly different from zero in diabetic children, while the cortisol serum level was higher than in control subjects (485 +/- 94 vs 359 +/- 132 nmol/l). Moreover, the DHEAS-SDS and DHEAS-SDS/cortisol ratio correlated negatively with HbA1c. Diabetic patients also showed lower T3 values (2.22 +/- 0.4 vs 2.32 +/- 0.3 nmol/l) and a higher rT3/T3 ratio (0.17 +/- 0.09 vs 0.15 +/- 0.05) than controls. There was a negative correlation between T3 and HbA1C. Cholesterol (4.77 +/- 1.08 vs 4.51 +/- 0.76 mmol/l) and triglycerides (0.82 +/- 0.53 vs 0.63 +/- 0.37 g/L) levels were higher in diabetic children and positively correlated with HbA1c, but not with DHEAS-SDS. We can therefore conclude that diabetes, particularly if poorly controlled, tends to induce a dissociation of cortisol and DHEAS secretion and a low T3 syndrome, similar to that seen in other illnesses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and growth hormone therapy on serum osteocalcin levels in children with growth hormone deficiency.

In order to investigate the influence on bone metabolism of growth hormone (GH), we evaluated the response to an acute load of 1,25(OH)2D3 (Rocaltrol) (1.5 micrograms/day for 4 days) in 16 growth hormone-deficient prepubertal children (11 boys and 5 girls, aged from 6.2 to 9.6 years) both before and after 1 month of human GH (hGH) therapy (0.1 IU/kg/day, 6 times per week). Before and after the 1,25(OH)2D3 load, serum IGF-I, osteocalcin, Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary excretion of Ca and P were measured. The serum levels of osteocalcin rose significantly after the first 1,25(OH)2D3 load, without an increase in IGF-I values and with a slight non-significant increase in serum Ca and P. Almost superimposable increases of osteocalcin, Ca and P were observed after 1 month of hGH therapy, with a significant increase of IGF-I, but they did not rise further after the second 1,25(OH)2D3 load. On the basis of our results, 1,25(OH)2D3 seems to have a stimulatory action on osteoblastic activity even in the absence of normal levels of GH. However, there is no apparent additional stimulatory activity after administration of hGH. Osteocalcin level behaviour during our study might suggest that GH and 1,25(OH)2D3 have a common and easily saturable stimulatory pathway on osteoblastic function.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Bone mineral density in children and adolescent females treated with high doses of L-thyroxine.

Single-photon absorptiometry was used to assess forearm bone mineral content (BMC) at a proximal site (PBMC) and at a more distal site (DBMC) of the non-dominant distal forearm in 20 children and adolescent females taking high doses of L-thyroxine (120 micrograms/m2/day) for a period of 6-96 months for endemic goiter, Hashimoto's thyroiditis or thyroid cancer. PBMC was significantly reduced compared to controls (p < 0.002). No correlation was found between PBMC, the values of circulating thyroid hormones and the indices of tissue hyperthyroidism such as TSH and systolic time intervals (STI), suggesting that bone is a very sensitive target for thyroid hormones. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings and to verify their clinical significance. At present, we believe that suppressive doses of L-thyroxine should be reserved for cancer patients only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adipsic hypernatremia in two sisters.

We describe two sisters with chronic hypernatremia, lack of thirst, and inappropriate osmoregulated vasopressin secretion. Only one sister, who presented with microcephaly and developmental delay, showed signs of dysplasia of the midline structures (ie, septum pellucidum and corpus callosum) and a large intracranial cyst. Neither sister showed any signs of thirst, even when osmolality exceeded 337 mmol/kg. In both patients, the vasopressin secretion did not respond to either osmotic or nonosmotic stimuli or was suppressed by a water load. Plasma osmolality values returned to normal after treatment with forced hydration and a vasopressin analogue, desamino-D-arginine vasopressin. These findings indicate a severe defect in the hypothalamic osmoreceptors that control thirst and vasopressin secretion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a disorder in two sisters.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1990

Isolated dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate hypersecretion: a case report.

The case of a 17-year-old male with isolated hypersecretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is described. Cushing syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, an androgen producing adrenal tumour, and elevated plasma DHEAS due to an increased renal threshold were excluded. Selective renal vein catheterization confirmed bilateral, isolated adrenal DHEAS hypersecretion. The dexamethasone suppression suggests a functional nature of this alteration. This condition has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of excessive adrenal androgen production in males, or of hirsutism in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Chronic diarrhea as the main symptom of histiocytosis X].

A chronic diarrhea accompanied by vomiting and weight loss was the major symptom in a one-year-old infant during a fulminant course of histiocytosis X. The diagnosis was suggested by the radiologic evidence of alternating dilated and stenotic segments in the small and large bowel as well by a massive intestinal protein loss and the presence of histiocytes in the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum. The histological picture of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, obtained during a diagnostic laparotomy, confirmed the diagnosis.

Biopsy↗