[Elastofibroma dorsi: case report and review of the literature].
Elastofibroma dorsi (ED) is a rare, benign, often bilateral lesion of the thoracic wall, occurring most commonly in the infra-scapular region beneath the muscular tissue, generally found in elderly women. Whether ED should be considered as a true neoplasm or merely as a reaction of connective tissue to repetitive minor trauma is still debated. ED has characteristic features but a low incidence and is therefore not always easily distinguished from other benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. Inappropriate treatment may thus be administrated in the absence of a definitive diagnosis. We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with a right infra-scapular swelling associated with pain and a clicking sensation during selective arm movements. Upon clinical and ultrasound examination, the lesion had the appearance of a deep dorsal lipoma, but intraoperative findings were suggestive of a sarcoma originating from the periosteum of ribs. Nonetheless, marginal surgical excision was performed and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as ED. In conclusion, ED should be always considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors deeply located in the infra-scapular area, especially in elderly women. As it is a benign lesion, surgical treatment is recommended only in symptomatic cases or if a large swelling is present.