Classification of oblique facial clefts with microphthalmia.
We believe the Tessier classification system facilitates the description of complicated facial clefts, and we describe its use in 4 cases--all of whom had variations of a Tessier-3 cleft. Microphthalmia is associated with the Tessier-3 cleft. Computerized axial tomography may be helpful in differentiating an extreme microphthalmia from a true anophthalmia, and in detecting bony clefts not seen on roentgenographic studies. Facial tomograms show that abnormalities of the medial wall of the orbit in the Tessier-3 cleft vary from actual clefts to widening of the ethmoid. In our experience (with 4 patients) mental retardation does not necessarily occur in patients with the Tessier-3 cleft and extreme microphthalmia. Abnormalities of the nasolacrimal apparatus may be the most constant finding in patients with the Tessier-3 cleft. Children with the Tessier-3 cleft should be identified early for purposes of determining the proper treatment and valid genetic counseling.