PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Riise

Publications and source records attributed to G Riise.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The waiting list guarantee and its violation. Characteristics of patients who have been waiting more than five months].

In Norway as a whole, an average of six percent of all patients who had been guaranteed treatment within six months had not received treatment as promised. A survey of 917 orthopaedic "guarantee patients" who had waited longer than five months for treatment showed that 486 patients had waited longer than six months. 28% of the patients were suffering from hip or back problems, and the majority were suffering from problems in the extremities. In the case of 11% treatment was, in their own view, no longer relevant, and 2/3 were not interested in receiving treatment at another hospital, if this were to be offered. In the case of 33% of the patients the referring doctor thought it reasonable that the waiting time had exceeded six months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Alcohol--no universal drug against heart disease].

Alcohol is part of the normal culture for a majority of the population in western countries. Few investigators or clinicians disagree with the contention that there is a positive relationship between cardiovascular disease and mortality in the upper part of the alcohol consumption curve. No such general agreement exists when infrequent users and non-users are studied. Epidemiological evidence of the relationship between cardiovascular mortality and levels of alcohol consumption is scrutinized, with emphasis on how alcohol anamnestic data are collected, the characterization of non-users, and the authors' definition of moderate consumers. The results indicate that there is hardly any evidence to advocate moderate consumption of alcohol as a health-promoting activity. On the other hand there seems to be a positive relationship between moderation in many aspects of lifestyle and some health gain.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Mobility of dichlorprop in the soil-water system as a function of different environmental factors. I. A batch experiment.

Batch experiments were conducted to study the mobility of 14C-labelled dichlorprop in different soil types. Soils rich in organic carbon showed high sorption capacity compared to sand soil with low content of organic C. Soil to soil variations decreased when corrected for different content of organic C (Kd normalized to Koc). Data obtained in batch experiments fit into linear as well as Freundlich sorption isotherms (17 degrees C). Desorption of [14C]dichlorprop in the soil-water system increased with pH. A significant amount of dichlorprop may be considered as 'non-available' in soils with high organic C, even at relatively high pH-values. The octanol/water partitioning coefficient (Kow) for dichlorprop was inversely related to pH. In the pH range 4-7, the Kow-value varied from 114 to 0.6. The relationship between Koc and pH was similar to the relationship between Kow and pH and the data fitted the following equation: log Koc = 0.5 log Kow + 0.2 (r2 = 0.986).

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Mobility of dichlorprop in the soil-water system as a function of different environmental factors. II. A lysimeter experiment.

Lysimeter experiments were conducted to study the leaching of [14C]dichlorprop and [3H]water through different soil columns. Results from soil columns collected at Haslemoen showed that an upper silt loam layer (0-18 cm) had higher retention capacity than the underlying sandy loam (35-60 cm) and fine sand (70-95 cm) layers. Leaching through silt clay loam (0-18 cm) columns from Ullensaker was very fast. When the columns received an amount of water corresponding to approximately 10 mm precipitation, up to 50% of the added [14C]dichlorprop leached through the columns. This is probably due to rapid downward movements through macropores (e.g. cracks).

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

[Sick-listing II--an evaluation of rehabilitation assistance].

Patients certified as sick for more than eight weeks qualify for sickness benefit scheme No. 2. 38 patients in this group who suffered from various indefinite diseases were called in to consultation with an advisory doctor. Patients with a high degree of motivation were later examined by a doctor specialized in occupational diseases. Information on all patients was obtained from the company medical service, personnel managers, and the doctors who had prescribed sick leave for the patients. The survey unveiled a low degree of cooperation and communication between the various personnel responsible for the patients. Furthermore, little was known about rehabilitation programmes at the different places of work. Only half of the employers knew about such opportunities. This lack of cooperation clearly indicates a need of greater involvement on the part of all parties concerned with these patients and for schemes of follow-up. The creation of such schemes might be the first step towards new and better relationships between the different kinds of personnel concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Radionuclide mobility and bioavailability in Norwegian and Soviet soils.

A sequential extraction procedure has been applied to study the speciation of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) in soils from Norway, and from Byelorussia and the Chernobyl region in the USSR. Most 137Cs (greater than 80%) was strongly associated with soil components, whereas 90Sr was more mobile, up to 70% being found in the easily extractable fractions. The 90Sr: 137Cs ratio decreased with the distance from the reactor, reflecting the higher proportion of hot particles deposited in the regions close to the reactor, and the easily extractable fraction of 90Sr was significantly lower in the soils collected from the Chernobyl area. The distribution of stable Cs and stable Sr in the extraction fractions was similar for the various sites. Therefore, the location-specific differences in the distribution of 90Sr and, to a lesser extent, 137Cs arise because of fallout speciation rather than because of local environmental factors.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[Alcohol and work].

Men and women in the work force are also among the top consumers of alcohol. The medical and social consequences of drinking, which are extensive, cause much absenteeism and reduce productivity. However, the workplace is also a good place for prevention of alcohol related problems, and for long term follow-up of individuals who are addicted to alcohol or drugs.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Glycosphingolipid receptors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to glycosphingolipids and to buccal and bronchial epithelial cells was analyzed. Three independently expressed specificities were found by bacterial binding to glycosphingolipids separated by thin-layer chromatography. All strains bound gangliotria- and gangliotetrasylceramide. All but one of the strains bound sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids and lactosylceramide. The latter two specificities could be separated in that the lactosylceramide binding was retained and the sialic acid binding was suppressed when bovine serum albumin was used as a blocking agent in the thin-layer chromatography assay. The attachment to buccal epithelial cells, like the binding to sialylated compounds and lactosylceramide, was abolished by Formalin treatment of the bacteria, suggesting the importance of these specificities for cell adherence. In contrast, the binding to gangliotria- and gangliotetraosylceramide was retained by nonattaching Formalin-treated bacteria.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1989

Bioavailability of aluminium in the presence of humic substances at low and moderate pH.

Fish kills have been observed in lakes with low pH and high Al content. The monomeric inorganic Al seems to be the most acute toxic fraction. Humic lake waters, situated in acidified areas, often have high values of aluminium. However, the fraction of Al bound to humus is regarded as a relatively nontoxic form of Al. As pH is decreasing, the physical and chemical properties of humus change. The molecular size, electronegativity and colour decrease. An important question in this matter is the potential change in bioavailability of "Al-humus" as pH decreases. The bioavailability of the Al-humus complex was studied; in relation to surface water acidification and in relation to drinking water and human health. The work is based on the octanol/water partition coefficient (Khow), estimated by measuring the UV absorption at 254 nm. Al concentration is determined in the water phase and in the octanol phase. The results show that the amount of organic material soluble in the octanol phase relative to the amount in the aqueous phase increases with decreasing pH, while no Al is detected in the octanol phase. It is concluded that Al is only weakly bound to humus and consequently Al complexed with humus is of minor concern in bioaccumulation.

Aluminum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Loss of pesticides from agricultural fields in SE Norway--runoff through surface and drainage water.

Loss of two pesticides with different mobility characteristics, bentazone (Koc approximately 34) and propiconazole (Koc approximately 1800), were studied at three agricultural fields (Askim, Bjørnebekk and Syverud) in SE Norway. A conservative tracer (Br) was used to follow the flow of water. The loss of pesticides varied among the fields, depending on hydrological characteristics and soil properties. The loss of pesticides was higher from two artificially levelled silty clay loam soils with poor aggregate stability (Askim and Bjørnebekk) compared to a loam/silt loam soil with increased content of organic carbon and better aggregate stability (Syverud). The total accumulated loss was <0.5% from all fields. The highest pesticide concentrations were measured at the first runoff episode after application for both the mobile (bentazone) and less mobile pesticide (propiconazole) in the surface runoff. In the drainage water, the peak for the less mobile pesticide coincided with the Br tracer, while the peak for mobile pesticide appeared earlier than the Br tracer. Rapid movement of water, particles and pesticides through soils indicate flow through macropores. Larger proportions (in percent of total applied) of both the mobile and the strongly sorbed pesticides were lost through the drainage as compared to the loss through surface runoff at Askim. Here, it is suggested that macropore flow contribute to the increased loss of pesticides through the drainage. At Syverud, high infiltration capacity reduces the amount of water available for surface runoff, and somewhat higher loss of the mobile pesticide was registered in the drainage compared to the surface runoff. For the strongly sorbed pesticide, however, propiconazole was neither detected in surface nor in drainage water at Syverud. Generally, there was a higher percentage loss of the mobile compared to the strongly sorbed pesticide in both surface and drainage water, which is in agreement with the pesticides mobility characteristics in soil. An exception was, however, the erodible soil Bjørnebekk, where a higher fraction of propiconazole was lost in the surface runoff compared to bentazone. Large amounts of sediment transport from the Bjørnebekk field probably contributed to enhanced transport of the strongly sorbed pesticide.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influences of suspended particles on the runoff of pesticides from an agricultural field at Askim, SE-Norway.

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the loss of particles from agricultural fields, and the role of suspended particles in carrying pesticides in surface runoff and drainage water. Propiconazole, a widely used fungicide was applied to experimental fields located at Askim, SE-Norway. Samples from surface runoff and drainage water were collected and analyzed for sediment mass, pesticides, particulate and dissolved organic carbon through a whole year. The surface soil and the runoff material were characterized by its particle size distribution, organic carbon content in size fractions and its ability to bind propiconazole. The results show that (1) particle runoff mostly occurred during the rainfall event shortly after harrowing in autumn. The highest particle concentration observed in the surface runoff water was 4600 mg l(-1), and in the drainage water 1130 mg l(-1); (2) the erosion of surface soil is size selective. The runoff sediment contained finer particle/aggregates rich in organic matter compared to its original surface soil; (3) the distribution coefficient (Kd) of propiconazole was significantly higher in the runoff sediment than in the parent soil. According to our calculation, particle-bound propiconazole can represent up to 23% of the total amount of propiconazole in a water sample with a sediment concentration of 7600 mg l(-1), which will significantly influence the transport behavior of the pesticide.

Adsorption↗