Biomedical subjects

G Roger

Publications and source records attributed to G Roger.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Cochlear implants in children].

The development of surgically implantable hearing aids that are placed directly in the cochlea where they send electrical impulses to the cochlear nerve is a major break-through for patients whose hearing loss is so severe as to make conventional electroacoustic hearing aids ineffectual. Initially used only in adults, this method has gradually been extended to pediatric patients. To benefit from a cochlear implant, the patient must fulfill a number of criteria which are specified in this article. Following preoperative investigations, the decision is taken during a meeting of all the care providers involved, i.e., the surgeon, ENT phoniatrist or audiophonologist, hearing aid specialist, special education provider, speech therapist, psychologist, and other members of the health care staff. Team work is thus essential both before and after the procedure. The implant selected can be intracochlear or extracochlear and single-channel (one electrode) or multi-channel (several electrodes). Each team selects the implantation technique and type of implant they use according to their preferences and specific criteria. The authors use a multi-channel intracochlear system except in the rare instances where complete ossification of the cochlea requires use of an intracochlear mono-channel system. They have inserted implants in 29 patients to date. The cochlear implant has unquestionably had a significant impact of the life of these patients.

Child↗

PubMed1992

[Choanal atresia: management and surgical treatment. Study of 50 cases].

Diagnosis of choanal atresia should lead to multidisciplinary investigations to look for other malformations which may or may not be part of the CHARGE syndrome. These concomitant defects have an adverse effect on prognosis in patients with choanal atresia. They seem to be more common in patients with bilateral choanal atresia due to a bony septum. Local investigations include nasal fiberoptic endoscopy to obtain a direct view of the atresia and a CT scan study to determine the type of obstruction. In neonates, treatment rests on transnasal perforation of the septum followed by stenting for four to six weeks. However recurrence is common and requires subsequent use of another therapeutic procedure. In patients with failed transnasal perforation or unilateral choanal atresia discovered at a later age, surgery through the palatal route seems to be virtually radical and can be carried out from eight months of age. Recently developed CO2 laser therapy is, in the opinion in of the authors, an elegant and simple means for transnasal treatment of fibrotic restenosis which, in many cases, obviates the need for transpalatal surgery.

Choanal Atresia↗

PubMed1992

[Current therapeutic approach to cervicofacial lymphangiomas in children].

Twenty-four cases of cervicofacial lymphangioma treated between 1984 and 1991 are reported. The therapeutic approach is discussed. Because the therapeutic problem depends on whether or not the airways are involved, an endoscopic evaluation and a CT scan study should be included in the workup. In the five patients with limited lymphangiomas, complete surgical exeresis was feasible and yielded good results. Sclerosing injections are an alternative to surgery in this situation. In patients with pharyngeal or laryngeal infiltration or involvement of the mediastinum, the prognosis is extremely grim and surgery is still the mainstay of therapy despite the potential for recurrence due to the fact that only incomplete exeresis can be performed. Tracheostomy was required in two patients.

Child↗

PubMed1992

[Severe aplasia of the ear: management and surgical indications].

Severe aplasia of the ear raises both a cosmetic and a functional problem. Surgery is often performed starting at four or five years of age but early management is essential. The need for a hearing aid should be evaluated at the age of six months. At birth, the infant should have investigations for concomitant malformations, which are common, and for etiologic factors. Functional surgery to create a canal, tympanic membrane, and chain of ossicles should be performed only in bilateral forms. Satisfactory cosmetic results can be achieved by cartilage autografting according to Brent's technique.

Clinical Protocols↗

PubMed1992

[Current therapeutic indications in laryngeal stenoses in children].

Among pediatric patients with laryngeal stenosis, acquired forms are now more common than congenital forms. External surgery is not always warranted except in complete or tight obstructions. After establishing the diagnosis by endoscopy, consequences on respiration and phonation should be assessed before deciding on the most appropriate treatment: abstention, medical therapy, endoscopic treatment, or surgical treatment by the cervical route. Surgical laryngoplasty techniques have changed radically over the last twenty years. The Cotton procedure is the most widely used. Another available method is the cricoid-split technique. These laryngoplasty procedures can be performed from birth and tracheostomy is now warranted only after failure of initial surgery.

Child↗

PubMed1989

[Therapeutic approach in chronic maxillary sinusitis. Apropos of 469 patients and 640 sinuses].

Between 1982 and 1987 we treated 469 patients who accounted for a total of 640 involved sinuses. These patients suffered from various stages of chronic sinusitis. Endoscopy of the maxillary sinuses enabled us to collect important information regarding the state of the mucosa and secretions, to collect bacteriological samples and to inspect the ostium and take pressure measurements. There was an 80% success rate in cases of sinusitis treated by drainage. In our opinion the indication for inferior meatotomy is as an extraction procedure and is not of value for aeration drainages. Nevertheless, out of a total of 141 inferior meatotomies performed, 80% remained patent after a mean follow up period of 3 years.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1989

[Psychological profile of young tobacco, alcohol and/or drug users].

Focusing the 17th target of WHO related to health-damaging behaviour, an inquiry about Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren in the French Community of Belgium has been done in 1986. An anonymous questionnaire, sent to 3,600 young people 11, 13 and 15 years old, asked about their life behaviours (food, tobacco, alcohol, medicine consumption, leisure activities, social life, school...). Items such as tobacco, alcohol and/or medicine use have been crossed with items related to psychological well being. It appears, statistically significant, that young consumers differ from others young people because they often feel lonely, not healthy, not very happy, they don't like school, they underestimate themselves, they don't have plans for the future, they seldom speak with their parents who often are separated. We think that consumption of such harmful substances could be a compensatory behaviour to a bad Ego-representation. We suppose that parental education based on child respect and feelings expression could lead to a better self-perception and, in some degree, prevent some health-damaging behaviours.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Temperature dependence of the electronic spin-lattice relaxation time in a 2-iron-2-sulfur protein.

The ferredoxins are characterized by a strong temperature dependence of the electronic spin-lattice relaxation time T1. The measurement of this dependence above the liquid nitrogen temperature has been presented in earlier work [1] for the 2-iron-2-sulfur ferredoxin of the blue green alga Spirulina maxima. The different relaxation mechanisms which could be efficient in this range were briefly discussed. In the present paper, we extend the measurement of the temperature dependence of T1 to the low temperature range 1.25 to 30 K. From 1.25 K to 13 K, T1 is obtained by the saturating pulse method, whereas the continuous saturation method is used from 8 K to 30 K. The experimental conditions concerning these methods are discussed. The analysis of the temperature dependence curve over the whole range 1.25 K to 133 K shows clearly that different regions must be distinguished. For each region the possible relaxation processes and the corresponding vibrational modes are discussed.

Cyanobacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Regeneration of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons following their transection for repair of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Apparent regeneration of the tendons of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles after their use for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was noted during routine follow-up of 225 patients. From this group, four patients were selected for thorough examination, including magnetic resonance imaging, electromyographic studies, strength testing, and clinical examination. The results demonstrate that these tendons appear to regrow and are probably functional.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗