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Biomedical subjects

G Romanelli

Publications and source records attributed to G Romanelli.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on aortic compliance.

1. Aortic compliance and plasma catecholamine levels were determined in 26 essential hypertensive patients: 14 < 45 years (group 1) and 12 > 45 years (group 2). 2. Aortic rigidity, the reciprocal of aortic compliance, was calculated by the ratio of pulse pressure to stroke volume. Pulse pressure was derived by arterial pressure measured in the ascending aorta. Stroke volume was obtained by dye dilution. 3. A significant correlation (r = 0.60) was found between aortic rigidity and plasma noradrenaline in group 2. In this group both aortic rigidity and plasma noradrenaline levels were consistently higher than in group 1. 4. In 15 patients (seven of group 1 and eight of group 2) aortic rigidity was again measured after acute phentolamine (five patients) and labetalol (ten patients) administration. 5. Aortic rigidity was reduced significantly after both alpha-adrenoreceptor blockade alone and combined alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. A highly significant correlation was found between aortic rigidity reduction and pretreatment noradrenaline levels (r = 0.77). 6. Aortic compliance is influenced, at least in part, by sympathetic nervous system activity. Drugs which block the peripheral effects of catecholamines may improve aortic compliance and consequently the control of systolic hypertension in selected cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diabetes mellitus as presenting feature in extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma: report of a case.

Secondary diabetes mellitus was the main abnormal finding in a young lean woman with benign extra-adrenal para-aortic norepinephrine and dopamine secreting pheochromocytoma. Glucose and insulin response to oral glucose and C-peptide secretion after glucagon i.v. were evaluated before and after alpha-blockade with phenoxybenzamine. Alpha-blocking treatment restored the inhibited basal and stimulated C-secretion but did not normalize glucose tolerance. After tumor removal metabolic abnormalities were normalized, confirming the role of endogenous catecholamine excess in the pathogenesis of our patient's glucose intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral blood abnormalities in Alzheimer disease: evidence for early endothelial dysfunction.

Clinical and epidemiologic studies demonstrate that vascular risk factors may be involved in Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate whether vascular abnormalities are an early feature of AD, several parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed. Thirty patients with mild AD and 30 age-matched control subjects entered the study. All subjects performed a standardized clinical and laboratory protocol. Persons with vascular risk factors and systemic diseases were excluded. AD patients present significant increased levels of thrombomodulin (p < 0.0001) and sE-selectin (p < 0.03). In contrast, no difference was found between the two diagnostic groups in the levels of beta-thromboglobulin, prothrombin fragment 1+2, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. No other association but diagnosis was found with thrombomodulin and sE-selectin. These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction is an early event in AD patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of acute administration of nifedipine on exercise-induced microalbuminuria in normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes].

The aim of our study was to evaluate the acute effect of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on exercise-induced microalbuminuria in normotensive and normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients. Fifteen normotensive diabetic patients who were normoalbuminuric at rest (8 males and 7 females; age 16-35 years) and 10 normal subjects (6 males and 4 females; age 18-40 years) performed 4 submaximal cycloergometric exercises (90% of theoretical maximum heart rate); the first two exercises were performed in basal condition and the other 2 after 24 h of therapy with nifedipine AR (20 mg/b.i.d.) or placebo (2 cps/die). One hour after exercise in basal condition the microalbuminuria was 78 +/- 17 micrograms/min in diabetic patients vs 16 +/- 4 micrograms/min in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). After placebo no significant changes with respect to basal levels were observed 1 hour after exercise in either diabetic patients (82 +/- 16 microgram/min) or normal subjects (20 +/- 5 micrograms/min). In diabetic patients after nifedipine, systolic blood pressure was reduced both at rest and after exercise (p less than 0.05) with respect to basal condition or placebo. The urinary albumin excretion rate at rest was not modified, but it was significantly reduced 1 hour after exercise: 58 +/- 15 micrograms/min (p less than 0.01 vs placebo). This reduction correlated well with the reduction of exercise blood pressure in diabetic patients (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001). Our results indicate that acute administration of nifedipine reduced exercise-induced microalbuminuria in normotensive diabetic patients, probably by means of a reduction in exercise blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alcohol and health: attitudes, habits and knowledge of a group of young physicians].

By means of a set of questions the Authors analyze the habits, the attitudes and the knowledge of a group of young medical doctors, concerning the problem of alcohol and health. People interviewed are 873 Medical Reserve Officer Cadets who attended the propedeutic course at the Military Medical School of Florence from September 1987 to May 1988. These people formed a considerable part of the young male medical doctors who had graduated in Italy the previous year. This set of questions is based on the multiple choice system, with 37 questions divided in 4 sections: 1. access to the set of questions with personal information and previous studies; 2. habits and attitudes of the person concerning the consumption of alcoholic drinks; 3. general knowledge of some legal and epidemiological aspects; 4. specific knowledge of the alcohol as a risk factor and of the diagnosis and the prevention of the alcohol related pathologies. The central role of the university in acquiring the knowledge of people interviewed, clearly results from the analysis of the answers. Only few young people assert they got their knowledge from scientific publications. The belief that drinking alcohol with the meals is healthy, is more evident in the South than in the North of Italy; at the same time the prevalence of alcohol related diseases seems to increase moving from Southern to Northern Italy. The more moderate attitude of parents in Northern Italy, seems to be somehow affected by the prevalence of alcohol related diseases in this area. Most young doctors do not drink either light alcoholic drinks or spirits to excess, however 9 people claim to drink wine both with the meals and between, and some 20 claim to drink spirits once a day or even more. A remarkable part of people interviewed seems not to have a full understanding of self-definitions as "abstemious", "moderate drinker", "normal drinker", "heavy drinker". These definitions often do not fit with the quantities declared. The knowledge about metabolism and immediate effects of alcohol is not always proper: it is particularly surprising that more than a third of doctors think that alcohol warms the body and helps to bear low temperature. The poor knowledge of the epidemiological aspects of alcohol consumption is not acceptable, testifying the remarkable difficulty in having a global vision and a right dimension of the problem. In particular an inadequate evaluation of the seriousness of the alcohol related pathologies, considered insufficiently represented among the death causes by one fifth, emerges from the answers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypopituitarism secondary to suprasellar giant carotido-ophthalmic aneurysm. Normalization of the hypophyseal function after neurosurgical depression of the aneurysm].

A 49-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of weight loss, muscular weakness, easy fatigue, impotence, decreased visual acuity, campimetry defects. The results of radiologic and endocrine testing disclosed the presence of pituitary dysfunction due to pituitary stalk section caused by a giant suprasellar aneurysm extending into the sellar region. After the neurosurgical decompression of the aneurysm a progressive normalization of all pituitary functions was demonstrated. In this case, the preoperative finding of a preserved pituitary integrity with acute and prolonged endocrine testing demonstrated to be predictable of a recovery of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis after the removal of the mass effect caused by the giant aneurysm.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of long-term administration of picotamide on baseline and exercise-induced urinary albumin excretion in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and incipient nephropathy.

The present pilot study investigated the effect of long-term treatment with picotamide on baseline and exercise-induced urinary albumin excretion levels in normotensive patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Six patients with type II diabetes were studied: four patients (two men and two women; mean age, 52 +/- 11 years) were treated for 9 months with picotamide (300 mg, TID) and two patients who did not receive the study medication served as controls. Three of the picotamide-treated patients were given a cycloergometric exercise test at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of therapy to evaluate the effects of the drug on exercise-induced microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria at rest was measured in all patients at baseline and after 3, 6, and 9 months. At the end of the study, all the picotamide-treated patients demonstrated a significant decrease in microalbuminuria at rest (from 41.7 +/- 12.7 micrograms/min at baseline to 11.8 +/- 3 micrograms/min after 9 months) and after exercise (peak at baseline 103 +/- 36 micrograms/min vs 65.8 +/- 11 micrograms/min after 6 months). Conversely, in the two controls, microalbuminuria at rest increased from 45.1 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min at baseline to 151 +/- 59 micrograms/min at the end of the 9-month study period. (All values given as mean +/- SEM.) In conclusion, long-term administration of picotamide was effective in reducing abnormal exercise-induced microalbuminuria and albuminuria at rest. These findings suggest that long-term treatment with picotamide of normotensive patients with type II diabetes mellitus and incipient nephropathy may slow the progression of the nephropathy in its early stages.

Adult↗