Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Royal.
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Ru(2)(Fap)(4)Cl and Ru(2)(Fap)(4)(NO)Cl, where Fap is the 2-(2-fluoroanilino)pyridinate anion, were synthesized, and their structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties were characterized. Ru(2)(Fap)(4)Cl, which was obtained by reaction between Ru(2)(O(2)CCH(3))(4)Cl and molten HFap, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 11.2365(4) A, b = 19.9298(8) A, c = 19.0368(7) A, beta = 90.905(1) degrees, and Z = 4. The presence of three unpaired electrons on the Ru(2)(5+) core and the 2.2862(3) A Ru-Ru bond length for Ru(2)(Fap)(4)Cl are consistent with the electronic configuration (sigma)(2)(pi)(4)(delta)(2)(pi*)(2)(delta*)(1). The reaction between Ru(2)(Fap)(4)Cl and NO gas yields Ru(2)(Fap)(4)(NO)Cl, which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, with a = 10.0468(6) A, b = 18.8091(10) A, c = 41.7615(23) A, and Z = 8. The Ru-Ru bond length of Ru(2)(Fap)(4)(NO)Cl is 2.4203(8) A, while its N-O bond length and Ru-N-O bond angle are 1.164(8) A and 155.8(6) degrees, respectively. Ru(2)(Fap)(4)(NO)Cl can be formulated as a formal Ru(2)(II,II)(NO(+)) complex with a linear Ru-N-O group, and the proposed electronic configuration for this compound is (sigma)(2)(pi)(4)(delta)(2)(pi*)(3)(delta*)(1). The binding of NO to Ru(2)(Fap)(4)Cl leads to some structural changes of the Ru(2)(Fap)(4) framework and a stabilization of the lower oxidation states of the diruthenium unit. Also, IR spectroelectrochemical studies of Ru(2)(Fap)(4)(NO)Cl show that NO remains bound to the complex upon reduction and that the first reduction involves the addition of an electron on the diruthenium core and not on the NO axial ligand.
A new modification of the mandril-grown vascular prosthesis appears to combine the best features of presently available synthetic vascular replacement materials. Glutaraldehyde-tanned polyester mesh-supported conduits (diameters 4, 6, and 8 mm) grown in the subcutaneous tissue of sheep, maintain 100% patency in the aortic, aortoiliac, and common iliac positions of canine recipients for over 2 years. One-millimeter diameter grafts placed in the infrarenal abdominal aorta of rat recipients were patent in 72% for 6-month follow-up periods. The grafts maintained a modicum of antigenicity despite tanning, as evidenced by the slightly elevated hemagglutination (0 to 2 dilutions) titers against sheep red blood cells in ovine graft recipients and the accelerated rejection of the donor strain skin grafts in Fischer rats receiving Brown-Norway conduits. Finally, in a limited clinical study, 21 of 24 femoropopliteal and three of three femoroposterior tibial grafts remained patent in short follow-up periods (2 to 16 months). Two aortocoronary bypass grafts have continued to function in one patient for 19 months. Minimal inflammatory reaction and no aneurysmal degeneration were found in the material studied.
Serum IgE levels were measured by a paper-disc radioimmunoassay technique (PRIST) in 425 nonallergic subjects and in 570 patients with asthma, 244 with allergic rhinitis, 48 with asthma and eczema (atopic dermatitis), 49 with eczema but without asthma, and 57 with chronic urticaria. The data are presented for age groups in geometric means and standard deviations and by modal distribution. Normal mean IgE levels for the total sample were 32 IU/ml with highest levels (mean of 51 IU/ml) in school-age children. The highest IgE levels were found in patients with both asthma and eczema (mean of 985 IU/ml), followed by asthma alone (305 IU/ml), eczema alone (273 IU/ml), and allergic rhinitis (171 IU/ml). The values for our United States population were higher than those reported from Scandinavian countries but lower than those reported from Canada. The geometric mean plus 1 SD (64 IU/ml for infants, 150 IU/ml for schoolchildren, and 100 to 120 IU/ml for all other age groups) appears to be the most useful limit of normalcy. Overlaps with normal values are largest for urticaria, eczema, and allergic rhinitis and least for patients with allergic asthma.