PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G S Burd

Publications and source records attributed to G S Burd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Epilepsy in patients with ischemic brain disease].

The paper presents the results of follow-up study of 610 patients with ischemic stroke. In 52 patients (8.6%) there was observed symptomatic epilepsy conditioned by local causes (2 and more epileptic fits in anamnesis). The age of the onset of epileptic seizures was in the range 50-69 years, and men prevailed. From all 52 patients with episyndrome 36 had only one stroke, 16 patients-two and more strokes. 14 patients had fits before the stroke development. Meanwhile in 10 patients the fits were the first stroke symptoms (early) and in 28 individuals the fits arose 7 days after the stroke development (late). Significantly more severe disorders of dynamic praxis were revealed in psychologic examination of the patients with secondary generalized fits than of ones with partial seizures. Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of vascular epilepsy, interactions between transitory ischemic attacks and the fits which developed before the stroke are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The metabolic therapy of ischemic stroke: the use of nootropil].

54 patients were treated by notropil (pyracetam). The results of therapy were evaluated statistically according to a number of clinical scales and neurophysiologic indices (EEG and evoked potentials with mapping of bioelectric activity). The results were compared with the data about 56 patients of the control group which were treated by traditional method without application of notropil. Notropil was applied by two ways: small doses (4-12 g daily) during 5 days or high doses (10-12 g daily) during 30 days from the moment when the patient admitted to the hospital. Intravenous injections of the drug were used in all cases as well as its internal administration. It was showed either efficiency of the drug, especially in high doses, in early beginning of the treatment and its duration for at least 30 days or good tolerance of the drug. Authors supposed that application of pyracetam is not adequate in strokes with severe disorders of consciousness and cerebral edema.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Nootropil in the treatment of disorders of the higher mental functions in patients with an ischemic stroke].

47 patients with acute ischemic stroke were treated with nootropil (pyracetam, UCB, Belgium) from the first day of the disease (12 g, intravenously, by drops during 2 weeks, then 4.8 g, per os) on the background of basic therapy. There was revealed increase of spontaneous activity, expressive and impulsive speech, audio- and speaking memory (especially delayed memory), tactile, acoustic and visual gnosis, space praxis. There was observed more pronounced positive dynamics of functions of damaged hemisphere in patients with localisation of ischemic focus in left hemisphere. Meanwhile restoration was slower when ischemic focus was localized in right hemisphere. Restoration of high mental functions occurred to be faster during nootropil treatment as compared with basic therapy only. The conclusion was made that nootropil can be prescribed for the patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke and especially for the patients with alterations of cerebral circulation in system of internal carotid artery including such disturbances on the background of insufficiency of circulation in vertebrobasilar system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Lamiktal in the treatment of epilepsy patients].

Lamictal (Lamotrigin) action was studied in 61 patients with partial and generalized epileptic seizures (not fewer than twice a month). Most of the patients received Lamictal in doses of 200-300 mg daily as well as other antiepileptic medications (before lamictal all patients were treated without effect with various antiepileptic medications). Effectiveness of treatment with lamictal includes: the cessation of epileptic attacks (5 patients), its more rare appearance (31 patients), transformation into more light fits (15 patients). Lamictal has a broad spectrum of antiepileptic activity: it stops generalized tonic-clonic seizures, absences, simple and complex partial seizures as well as secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The medication is also effective in patients with psychopathologic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The basic factors affecting outcomes in strokes].

Outcomes in 1102 patients with 3 main types of stroke have been analysed to determine the significance of basic stroke outcome predictors. They are: type of the stroke, location of the focus, gravity of the patient's condition when the first aid is performed, spectrum of hospital facilities, diseases of the patient before and besides the stroke. A decrease of the mortality rate and optimal level of ADL score after stroke can be provided in cases when intensive care units-general hospitals are the first step of treatment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

[The clinico-neurophysiological study of the effect of cerebrolysin on brain function in the acute and early recovery periods of hemispheric ischemic stroke].

Thirty patients with acute ischemic stroke and at early terms of postapoplectic recovery received cerebrolysin in daily doses 10, 20 and 30 ml for 5 days or 10 ml, i. v. for 10 days, respectively. The patients were examined for neurological status and cerebral function. In acute stroke the highest effect occurred in the affection of moderate severity. In severe stroke the drug stimulated recovery of impaired functions which tended to restore more quickly than in control subjects. In early convalescents cerebrolysin improved motor functions. Details of the results of the combined neurophysiological examination in the course of the treatment are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[The complex clinico-electrophysiological assessment of the motor disorders in patients in the early period of recovery from an ischemic stroke].

A neurophysiological analysis of motor affections has been made in post-apoplectic patients during early convalescence. Altogether 26 patients aged 45-68 were examined on week 3-4 since ischemic hemispheric apoplexy. Magnetic stimulation of cerebral cortex motor zones, measurements of M-response and evoked skin sympathetic potential. Mild or moderate motor dysfunctions were characterized by reduced amplitude of the M-response and prolonged central pyramid conduction on the affected side. Severe paresis is associated with no M-response to magnetic stimulation of the cortex on the affected side. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the above disorders and their implications for treatment and rehabilitation are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrastructural aspects of the secondary brain stem syndrome in hemorrhages and infarcts in the cerebral hemispheres].

Ultrastructural aspects of the secondary brain stem syndrome in patients with hemorrhages and infarcts in the brain hemispheres are considered. The secondary brain stem syndrome is manifested by diverse clinical symptomatology suggestive of dysfunction of different levels of the brain stem: a diminished level of awakening, oculomotor disturbances, changes in the muscle tone and reflexes, cardiorespiratory and other vegetative disorders. Examining the reticular formation of the brain stem under the electron microscope the authors revealed changes in neurons in the form of chromatolysis, an increase in the cellular cytoplasm of the number of lipid inclusions and lysosomes, swelling of mitochondria and (less frequently) the appearance of cells with an elevated osmiophilia of the cytoplasm. Also observed was a systemic increase in lysosomes and lipid granules in capillary structures, and in glial and nervous cells. The pathogenetic factors of secondary brain stem syndrome are discussed.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1983

[Ultrastructural aspects of acute cerebral ischemia during nootropil administration (experimental study)].

Electron microscopy of the sensomotor cortex in 27 rats was performed at varying times (1, 3, 7 days) after arteria carotis communis occlusion. Three groups of rats (5 rats in every group) were treated by nootropil (500 mg/kg daily) in accordance with three time intervals. Control rats were undrugged. More preserved were neurons in the brain of rats treated by nootropil. Neuronal organelles had rare signs of irreversible damages. Membranes were more often preserved, organelles fragmentation and vacuolization were less pronounced. The experimental rats showed neurons containing numerous ribosomes and small new-formed mitochondria. The difference in neuronal structure in treated and untreated rats became more distinct 3-7 days after occlusion. The results obtained are suggested to be connected with the drug ability to normalize ATP metabolism, to stimulate phospholipid synthesis and ribosome function and to increase glucose utilization. The problem of using GABA derivatives in conditions of the most acute brain ischemia is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Status of cerebral capillary circulation during ischemia with barbiturate protection].

Experiments on 78 albino rats with ligated common carotid arteries were carried out to study the effect of a barbiturate agent (barbamil) administered in a dose of 150 mg/kg of animal body weight on cerebral capillary circulation at different terms of ischemia (1, 3 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14 days). The findings obtained during follow-up point to a beneficial effect of the barbiturate on the structures of the capillary wall (endotheliocytes, pericytes, basal membrane). Furthermore, the drug appears to maintain the capillary lumen and the normal level of capillary permeability, which contributes to the improvement of microcirculation in ischemia. The paper also describes some ultrastructural mechanisms of the decrease and stabilization of the cerebral capillary blood flow under the barbiturate impact due to endothelial synapses blockade, inhibition of vasoconstrictive mechanisms and stabilization of the membrane structures of the capillary network.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnosis and treatment and preventive measures in the presence of initial manifestations of insufficient cerebral blood supply].

Electrophysiological, ultrasound, biochemical, and psychological studies in 222 patients with initial manifestations of brain blood supply insufficiency (IMBBSI) are presented. A scheme for diagnostic, treatment and dispensary system is offered, principles of IMBBSI therapy are given into account. IMBBSI differentiated treatment leads to steady disappearance of its clinical manifestations in 28.3% of patients and to significant improvement in 58,1% (the last group of patients needs supporting therapy).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Functional state of the pituitary-adrenal system in stroke patients].

An examination of the function of the hypophyseo-adrenal system was carried out in 31 patients with cerebral stroke by radioimmunoassay of the content of STH, ACTH and cortisol in the arterial and venous cerebral and peripheral blood. The examination showed a demonstrative change of the hormonal balance, especially in the cerebral venous blood that depended on the stroke gravity: this concerned the hormones produced both by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and the adrenal cortex. In patients who were in a soporous-comatose state the STH and ACTH content in the cerebral venous blood was lower than in the arterial blood, while the cortisol level exceeded substantially the concentration of this hormone in the arterial blood. A study of the interrelations between the hormones showed that an acute disturbance of the cerebral circulation may induce a response on the part of the hypophyseo-adrenal system. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the disturbances of the latter's system function are discussed.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

[State of serotonin--monoamine oxidase and histamine--diamine oxidase systems in circulating blood in ischemic strokes].

The serotonin-monoamine oxidase and histamine-diamine oxidase systems in the arteria and venous blood of the brain were examined in 65 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke. The examinations have shown that in the acute period of the disease the metabolism of serotonin and histamine is disturbed, the degree and the character of these disturbances depending substantially on the stroke clinical manifestations, process localization and the disease outcome. In infarctions in the large hemispheres without the secondary stem syndrome, the changes of the amine metabolism are determined by the state of the enzymes inactivating them. In patients with the secondary stem syndrome, the monoamine oxidase content in the blood leaving the brain is lowered, the methylation processes are activated, and the histamine level decreased, while the serotonin level is high. In cases of primary affection of the brain stem and the lethal outcome of the disease the blood levels of serotonin and histamine are high. Use of serotonin antagonists in ischemic stroke and antihistaminic drugs in primary affection of the brain stem is substantiated.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

[Blood kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic stroke patients].

In 42 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke, the state of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood was analyzed by three main parameters: total esterase activity, prekallikrein content, and activity of the kallikrein inhibitor. Two blood specimens were taken (from the femoral artery and the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein) at the peak of the stroke acute period. An activation of the kallikrein-kinin system was revealed, the degree of which was found to depend on the gravity of the pathological process in the brain. At the initial stages of the disease a moderate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system was noted, the fact, that was, probably, favourable for improvement of the blood circulation. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms (hypoxia, lowering of the medium pH, etc.) of the system activation are discussed. For treating patients who were in a soporous-comatose state with a sharp drop of the kallikrein activity in the cerebral venous blood it was recommended to use drugs blocking the excess formation of kinins. At the initial stage of the disease development such an intervention should be regarded undesirable.

Acute Disease↗