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Biomedical subjects

G S Emley

Publications and source records attributed to G S Emley.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Brief exposure to contingent reinforcement produces a sustained increment in the strength of an elicited response.

Squirrel monkeys' lever pressing produced by response-independent shock was measured before, and for an extended period following, exposure to a shock-avoidance procedure. Following avoidance training, the frequency of responding increased by multiples of 10 to 50 across subjects and evidence little or no decrement for up to 6 months of postreinforcement testing. Manual responding produced by intense environmental stimulation may be substantially strengthened by a brief history of reinforcement, such that it is sustained over long periods without reinforcement.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Unique influences of ten drugs upon post-shock biting attack and pre-shock manual responding.

Delivery of a fixed-time, response-independent electric tail shock to the squirrel monkey generated bites on a rubber hose immediately following shock and manual responses on a lever immediately preceding shock; two temporally and topographically different responses in a single organism in a single experimental session. d-Amphetamine, cocaine, and caffeine each had the effect of elevating both bite and lever press responses; nicotine, chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide, and diazepam each elevated lever press responding while depressing bite responding across a portion of the dosage range; phenobarbital, alcohol, and morphine had the effect of depressing both bite and lever press responses but lever pressing was selectively more depressed than biting. The results parallel previous research with these drugs on other measures of aggression and on other behavioral paradigms. The responses are contingency free so that the effect of a drug does not interact with response produced environmental consequences. The recording of two separate responses related to distinct emotional states from one organism in a single experimental session allows for the objective measurement of selective and differential drug effects.

Aggression↗
PubMed1983

Effects of phencyclidine on aggressive behavior in squirrel monkeys.

Effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on shock-induced and spontaneous aggression in the squirrel monkey were determined. The delivery of response-independent, fixed-time (4', S-S interval) electric shock to the tail of a restrained squirrel monkey generated post-shock, hose-bite attack responses and pre-shock lever press non-attack responses. In a separate procedure shock was not delivered and spontaneous aggression responses were measured. A PCP dose response function (0.01-1.0 mg/kg SC) was determined for each procedure. In the shock-induced aggression procedure initial increases in attack were observed but upon a second determination of the dose effect curve this effect decreased and an increase in non-attack was noted. PCP produced increases in non-attack responding at high dosages in the spontaneous aggression procedure.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Possible errors in identification of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) from different South American points of export.

We conducted karyological studies on one colony consisting of 12 Colombian and 34 Bolivian squirrel monkeys and a second colony of 47 monkeys imported into the United States between 1968 and 1974 through six importers. All animals in the first colony showed six acrocentric pairs of chromosomes. Bolivian monkeys were phenotypically distinguishable by their large size and coloration. In the second colony, 19 Peruvian, seven Colombian, five Bolivian and six Guyanan monkeys were correctly identified phenotypically and had five, six, six, and seven acrocentric pairs of chromosomes, respectively. Among Peruvian monkeys, 34.5% of the phenotypic classifications were in error.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Electric shock produced drinking in the squirrel monkey.

Squirrel monkeys were periodically exposed to brief electric tail shocks in a test environment containing a rubber hose, response lever, and a water spout. Shock delivery produced preshock lever pressing and postshock hose biting. Additionally, all subjects displayed licking responses following postshock biting-attack episodes. Further experiments showed that licking was: (1) influenced by hours of water deprivation; (2) drinking behavior; (3) the direct result of shock delivery; and (4) developed spontaneously in naive subjects with or without opportunities for hose biting or lever pressing. Removing the opportunity to attack increased postshock drinking. A noxious environmental stimulus that causes aggression can also produce drinking.

Aggression↗