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Biomedical subjects

G S Frazer

Publications and source records attributed to G S Frazer.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Prevalence of fetal maldispositions in equine referral hospital dystocias.

A retrospective investigation was performed to determine the population characteristics of horses presented for dystocia at 2 equine referral hospitals and the types of fetal maldispositions among these horses. The study population consisted of a similar number of Thoroughbreds (25%), Standardbreds (24%) and draft horses (22%). Most of the current literature pertaining to equine obstetrics is based on a predominately draft horse population (63%). The latter population appeared to have more transverse presentations (P = 0.06), possibly because of the higher number of draft mares. In our study, 43% (6/14) of the transverse presentations occurred in draft breeds. Furthermore, 18% of the draft mare dystocias (6/33) were transverse presentations whereas only 8% (6/73) of the 2 major light breeds (Thoroughbred n = 3; Standardbred n = 3) had transverse presentation dystocias. Despite the significant breed differences between the 2 populations (P < 0.001), the prevalence of all other fetal maldispositions was not different from those previously reported. Severe dystocia was often multifactorial, with 86% of cases involving malposture and over half (58%) of these involving more than one extremity. Head and/or neck deviation were a major reason for referral. In 30% of cases malposition was a factor, and abnormal presentation was involved in 24% of referrals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Calbindin-D9k expression in the pregnant cow uterus and placenta.

Calbindin-D9k (CaBP9k) is a vitamin D-dependent, calcium binding protein first identified in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cell. Using biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry, CaBP9k was localized to the maternal caruncular epithelium, fetal chorionic epithelium, and trophoblastic binucleated cells of the bovine placenta. Within the maternal epithelium the intensity of staining increases from second trimester pregnancies to term pregnancies, indicating a higher intracellular concentration of CaBP9k in the epithelium at term. Luminal and glandular epithelium of the non-caruncular endometrium also stained positively for CaBP9k in all stages of pregnancy observed. No CaBP9k was identified within the stroma or myometrium of the pregnant cow uterus. The increased level of CaBP9k in the caruncular epithelium during the last trimester is hypothesized to be in response to the rising demand for calcium to aid in the mineralization of the fetal skeleton. CaBP9k may play a role in enhancing calcium transport across the placenta in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cesarean section.

Cesarean section has become a common surgical procedure and there is a tendency for both veterinarians and their clients to regard it as routine. It is important to remember, however, that a cesarean section entails major abdominal surgery, with inherent risks, irrespective of the prevailing conditions or personnel involved.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1995

Effect of intramuscular polysulfated glycosaminoglycans on bovine semen production and quality of the cryopreserved semen.

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (PSGAG) are widely used to treat cartilage disease in horses. The drug's safety in breeding animals has not been documented. This study determined whether im PSGAG is detrimental to the bull's health and, in particular, the quantity of semen produced or the quality of the cryopreserved product. No clinically significant effect of treatment on hematologic or serum biochemistry parameters was detected, but a significant treatment x time interaction for mean corpuscular volume warrants further investigation. There was an unexplained treatment effect on total daily sperm numbers collected, even though the pre-treatment values were included as co-variates in the statistical analysis to control for any day 0 variability. There was no effect on the percent forward motile sperm in the fresh ejaculate. Although there was no significant effect of treatment on the post-thaw semen data, the power of each statistical analysis was low, ranging from 10% to 19%. Further studies using larger sample sizes are warranted. These preliminary studies suggest that im PSGAG is safe to use in bulls on an experimental basis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Reproductive emergencies in the mare.

This article briefly reviews the clinical management of emergency conditions likely to be encountered by veterinarians responsible for the reproductive health of mares. The article discusses rectal tears, breeding injuries, uterine torsion, placental hydrops, and prepubic tendon rupture. A major component discusses a recommended approach to dystocias, and the management of such complications as uterine rupture and prolapse and postpartum hemorrhage. Management of retained fetal membranes and septic metritis is addressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Reproductive emergencies in the stallion.

Topics addressed in this article include complications of castration, scrotal and inguinal hernias, torsion of the spermatic cord, traumatic injuries to the external genitalia, and posthumous collection of spermatozoa. A concise overview of the clinical management of emergency cases is provided.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Serous cystadenoma in a normally cyclic mare with high plasma testosterone values.

Serous cystadenoma was diagnosed by histologic examination of a large ovary removed from a 16-year-old Thoroughbred mare with normal estrous cycles. Palpation and ultrasound examination per rectum had revealed an excessive number of follicles in the right ovary. The ovulation fossa was palpable on the right ovary, and the left ovary appeared to have normal activity. Plasma testosterone values were high at the time of examination (0.15 ng/ml), but decreased to normal values (0.09 ng/ml) after removal of the cystadenoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Teratocarcinoma of the ovary in a mare.

A 5-year-old Appaloosa mare had a history of mild intermittent abdominal discomfort and clinical signs that were suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Palpation per rectum revealed a large mass attached to the left uterine horn, with smaller masses extending dorsally and cranially and causing constriction of the rectum. At necropsy, numerous multilobulated masses were observed in the abdominal cavity and several nodules were seen in the lungs. The left ovary was large and contained both cartilage and hairlike material. Sections from all masses had similar histologic features and confirmed the tentative diagnosis of teratocarcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Histopathologic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on equine endometrium.

Endometrial fibrosis is a major cause of infertility in broodmares. Because of the proven anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and its influence on collagen, the effect of DMSO on the endometrium was investigated in mares. Solutions of DMSO (25%, 50%, or 75%) were infused into the uterus of clinically normal mares. Examination of serially obtained biopsy specimens revealed epithelial ulceration and stromal inflammation that were proportional to the DMSO concentration infused, but vasodilatation was not observed. In all mares, the endometrium had returned to normal by day 21 after DMSO infusion.

Animals↗