Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G S Perederiĭ.
The authors presented data on levels, structure and dynamics of combined occupational diseases in coal miners of Donetsk region in Ukraine, analyzed possible mechanisms of such diseases.
Based on workers' biologic age, the authors created a systemic model of general and occupational ablebodiedness and tested the model on selective determination of biologic age among workers of various Ukrainian regions. The results proved increase in occupational aging of the population. General and occupational ablebodiedness in males of the select was lower than that in the females. Occupational ablebodiedness of population, especially of males, is considerably decreased. The latter evidence is a function of economic circumstances: heavy, hazardous and dangerous work conditions hardly compensated by payments.
Acute respiratory diseases weaken bodily resistance to factors of industrial environment and activities. In subjects with vago- and normotonic type regulation, high level of adaptive capability permits the overstrain states to be avoided during the first post-illness days. The whole process of minimization of cost of the primary reaction of an organism gets completed by the end of the first week. In 80 percent of miners with sympathetic type vegetative dysbalance, industrial activities at week I are accompanied by a surplus vegetative maintenance. The process of readaptation to work gets protracted by 2 to 4 weeks, which fact attests to the need for such miners to be assigned to those jobs for which they are best suited and for dispensary health promotion in a mine's health-station setting.
Automated system ASKORS for medical risk assessment is non-laborious and highly informative method of preclinical diagnosis, that enables to determine medical risk groups in accordance with specific features of medical examination. Data obtained by ASKORS in examination of the staffers in Donbass mines provides important hygienic information on association of health state and performance of the workers with their work conditions. Application of ASKORS as first preclinical diagnostic tool enables to avoid meticulous medical screening of the working populations subjected to-mandatory medical examinations. With that, the efficacy and quality of medical examinations are believed to increase. ASKORS (or its competitive analog) can become an important means monitoring health state and performance among workers engaged into Ukrainian industry, especially for assessment of medical risk.
Differences between miners with different diurnal biorhythms show up during body functioning. A transfer from optimal to non-optimal functioning, seen with a change from non-differentiated to differentiated performance type, come together with higher incidence of unfavorable stress conditions among miners. The prevalence of premorbid dysadaptation increases 1.5-2 times under influence of extreme occupational factors. Membership in any occupational or biorhythmologic group becomes an independent risk factor of premorbid and pathologic process.
Structure of labour activity in miners is based on adequate adaptive behavioral reactions. It is demonstrated by avoidance and appetitive behavior as well as slow work rate in faces with high environmental temperatures. Natural adaptive behavior however do not prevent miners from functional overload leading to low efficacy and capacity for work. Duration of work in such conditions must be shortened. Which was recommended as prophylaxis of fatigue and overheating in miners.
Vegetative equilibrium disorders in hypertensive-diseased miners resulted from pathologic developments in the limbic -reticular structures. Those were characterized by a hyperfunction of the ergotropic nerve formations. The vegetative control reorientations were accompanied by narrowing the amplitude of the homeostatic regulation vegetative reactions and engaging the mechanisms of adaptation. The vegetative state stabilization in the diseased workers was attained through a partial avoiding ot the most labour-intensive forms of activity and choosing more preferable labour operations. But the latter did not entirely exclude the labour conditions which would result into inadequate vegetative reactions.
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Characteristics of the systems organization of the cardiorespiratory function were analyzed in miners of different age. The findings were compared to the data on labour turnover, work efficiency and the rate of cardiovascular diseases. It is indicated that an initial adaptation period in deep coal mines was accompanied by the stress of vegetative regulatory mechanisms, significant labour turnover and low work efficiency of miners. The stage of resistant adaptation was characterized by raising functional flexibility, decrease in labour turnover and elevation of the degree of professional work capacity. For miners aged 35 and older the process of systems restructuring of vegetative functions was followed by the decrease in labour efficiency and significant growth of cardiovascular diseases.
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In miners with chronic bronchitis, diminution of bodily energy reserves does not permit optimizing their functional state in full measure. Patients are provided with ample opportunity to realize various forms of behaviour in order that they might continue their labour activities under usual conditions they are accustomed to. Exclusion from the activity those labour operations of high energy content, lowering of density of work, and increase in duration/number of breaks for rest--all such measures serve to secure professional activity. From the standpoint of self-preservation of the organism the above-named changes can be regarded as quite expedient since they minimize the action of adverse factors of the labour process. Nevertheless, this does not save the miners weakened by their illnesses from development of unfavourable states of overstrain during the process of their work.
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In an in-plant setting, the level of functional tension of an organism is almost half determined with a high degree of reliability by a character of ergothermal loading. With the work performed becoming harder and more strenuous by one unit of measuring, the air temperature changing by 1 degree C relative to the maximum allowable level (MAL), and labour time coefficient by 0.1, changes in heart rate amount to 9.7, 2.5 and 2.1 beats/min respectively. Maintenance of the functional state of an organism at an adequate level is achieved through cutting the work shift time by 30 min or increasing the normative time for having a rest ca twice as much relative to the basic level per each degree of the temperature increments above the MAL.