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Biomedical subjects

G Sébahoun

Publications and source records attributed to G Sébahoun.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Treatment of essential thrombocythemia].

PURPOSE: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative syndrome that rises many therapeutic problems. This affection is rarely life threatening, but hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications must be prevented when possible. The rarity of these complications makes difficult the assessment of treatment efficiency. Few randomised clinical trials were done, and treatment often rests on retrospective studies. The potential toxicity of treatments, their leukemogenicity in particular, rises a decisional problem for young patients. We propose to review available data in order to propose the most rational treatment for each patient. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: After numerous years when we only disposed of retrospective studies, non-randomised prospective studies or isolated case-reports, two randomised trials allows us to more precisely define ET treatment. The first trial proved the efficiency of the hydroxyurea-aspirin association in the prevention of thrombotic events in high-risk patients. The second trial signalled to our attention the increased risk of bleeding of the association anagrelide-aspirin, with also the possibility of increased appearance of myelofibrosis. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: New perspectives in the treatment of ET will require to get more insights in the role of hydroxyurea and anagrelide in particular by longer follow-up. But not less important is a better definition of the thrombosis risks (who has to be treated?) and also of the diagnostic groups since ET can, in some particular cases, be misdiagnosed with polycythemia vera or idiopathic myelofibrosis.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2005

[Eosinophils and antitumour response].

PURPOSE: Immune response probably plays a role in the tumour control. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response is antigen-specific and requires previous encounter with the antigen to develop an efficient immune response. Regarding the innate immunity, natural killer (NK) cells can destroy neoplastic cells lacking HLA class I molecules. In addition to these effector cells, eosinophils are granulocytes usually involved in allergic diseases or response to parasitic infections. Many types of cancer, however, are associated with eosinophilia, either in the tumour itself and/or in peripheral blood. We will focus our attention on the putative involvement of eosinophils in the antitumour response. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS: Recent studies on the relationship between tumour and eosinophils have mainly focused on the << tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia >> (TATE), which seems to be more relevant than peripheral blood eosinophilia. Most studies show that TATE is a favourable prognostic marker, except in Hodgkin's disease, since eosinophils probably deliver in this case an antiapoptotic and proliferative signal for Reed-Sternberg cells via the release of soluble CD30L. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS: The putative anti-tumour effect of eosinophils relies on their tight contact with tumour cells. As a consequence, future immunotherapy studies aiming at an anti-tumour eosinophilic reaction might attract and activate eosinophils within the tumour itself. This could be obtained via direct injection of cytokines (IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF...) at tumour site or by the use of expression vectors encoding for these molecules.

Eosinophilia↗
PubMed2005

[Gelatinous bone marrow transformation in anorexia nervosa].

Moderate hematologic abnormalities, like anemia or leukopenia, are frequently seen in anorexia nervosa, whereas pancytopenia and bone marrow abnormalities are uncommon. We report a case of tricytopenia with gelatinous bone marrow transformation in anorexia nervosa. Marrow gelatinous transformation (also called serous fat atrophy or starvation marrow) is characterized by the association of marrow hypoplasia and interstitial infiltration of a ground gelatinous substance (acidic mucopolysaccharides). Changes in peripheral blood cell counts are various and moderate, and do not always reflect the severity of bone marrow damage. The pathogenesis is not yet well elucidated but is certainly related to the nutritional status because gelatinous bone marrow transformation is found in anorexia nervosa and in other clinical situations with cachexia. Gelatinous transformation of the marrow is reversible with feeding.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

[New insights into cytotoxic effector cells].

Cytotoxic immune cells play a role against infectious or tumour invasion. There are two types of cytotoxic cells : those involved in innate or natural immunity (natural killer cells, Tgammadelta lymphocytes, NKT cells) and those involved in the adaptive or acquired immunity (cytotoxic T lymphocytes). Recent advances in immunology have allowed the characterisation of unconventional cytotoxic populations, to better individualise the real cytotoxic cells within the traditional CD8+ T-cell population, and finally to get more insights into the activation of the cytotoxicity properties, in particular with regard to NK cells. The data recently acquired concerning the effector cytotoxic cells contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between the immune system and tumour cells. This may provide rational basis for combined immunotherapy protocols.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Increased prostaglandin E production in malignant lymphomas.

Prostaglandin E (PGE) production was evaluated in 18 normal subjects and 29 patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Plasma PGE levels of patients were found to be highly increased. Increased PGE synthesis was demonstrated in conditioned media from peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells, arising from the adherent cell fraction enriched in monocytes. No relationship with clinical or pathological findings was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Acute leukaemia during immunosuppressive treatment. One case (author's transl)].

A 55-year-old man was treated during 22 months with chlorambucil (total dose : 4 218 g) for glomerulonephritis. Towards the end of the treatment, he developed acute myelomonocytic leukaemia and died of this complication. The authors underline the oncogenetic dangers of the association dysimmune disease/immunosuppressive treatment and draw attention to the almost regular preleukaemic phase with its well-known cytological, biochemical, immunological, cytogenetic and evolutive criteria.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

[Non-lymphoblastic acute leukaemia: maintenance therapy by trial of a combination of chemo- and immunotherapy (author's transl)].

A trial of immunotherapy in the maintenance treatment of non-lymphoblastic acute leukaemias led to a comparison of 2 groups of patients in complete remission. Group C (14 patients) received only monthly reinduction chemotherapy. Group C + I (17 patients) received identical chemotherapy together with weekly immunotherapy combining BCG and irradiated leukaemic cells. Whilst the duration of the first remission was unmodified, the overall survival and above all survival after the first recurrence were prolonged in group C + I. These results were all the more marked when a homogeneous patients having received the same induction chemotherapy is considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Ribosome lamella complex in neoplastic cells of a Sézary's syndrome.

The first case of ribosome lamella complex (RLC) is reported in abnormal cells of a Sézary's syndrome, a T cell malignancy. Until now this ultrastructural cytoplasmic inclusion has usually been described in hairy cell leukaemia and other lymphoproliferative syndromes of B cell origin. Since RLC are also observed in abnormal lymphoid T cells, in non lymphoid cells, and moreover in non haematopoietic cells, they lack diagnostic specificity.

Aged↗