Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Søndergaard.
During a period of ten years, 111 patients with cancer of the bladder were treated by total cystectomy. In 69 patients a preoperative radiation dose of 40 Gy was administered, 23 received 60 Gy and 19 received no radiation. The crude-survival was 50%. The postoperative mortality was low, 3.6%.
The diagnosis periappendicitis is well known. The causes to periappendicitis are manifold. In the literature, we have not yet found a case, where periappendicitis developed because amnion fluid passed to the peritoneum during an elective section. We present a case, where a patient, 5 days after an elective section, developed the symptoms of appendicitis. The pathologic diagnosis is periappendicitis, presumably developed because of the amnion fluid.
Adenomyomatosis of the gall bladder is a condition of benign hyperplasia of unknown etiology. Characteristic of the condition is local or diffuse thickening of the muscular layer with invagination of the epithelium forming the so-called Rokitansky-Aschoff's sinus. The prevalence is unknown. In a prospective autopsy material, localized adenomyomatosis, adenomyoma, was found in 7%. This is considered to be the lowest value for the prevalence in the older age groups. Cholecystography and cholecystectomy materials show varying frequencies of adenomyomatosis, 2-33%. There is no definite proof that adenomyomatosis is a symptom-producing condition but several studies suggest that it may be and that in selected cases it may be treated by cholecystectomy. Selection depends upon the duration and severity of the symptoms. Routine diagnosis may be made with the aid of ultrasonic scanning. In more obscure cases with symptoms from the biliary tract, oral cholecystegraphy may be recommended possibly including exposures after a meal rich in fats or after administration of cholecystokinine.
Three cases (two ovarian and one retroperitoneal) of mucinous tumors with solid nodules are reported. The predominant picture in the three cases was that of a mucinous cystic tumor, but small nodules of solid anaplastic carcinoma were found in all three cases. In addition, one case showed microscopic foci of microcyst rupture with histiocytic response reminiscent of sarcoma-like mural nodules, one case showed several sarcoma-like nodules, and one case showed apparent transition from anaplastic carcinoma to spindle cell sarcoma. Histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesions are given, as differentiation of these nodules is important.
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The estrogen receptor content in 100 female breast carcinomas was determined using the biochemical dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method and the monoclonal estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA). Great care was taken to make procedures optimal in order to minimize preanalytical errors. A statistically highly significant correlation was found between the results of the two methods, which were qualitatively in accordance in 91 cases, while nine gave a negative ER-ICA but a weak positive DCC result. The quantitative correlations were also statistically significant but varied considerably in individual cases. Under optimal conditions, ER-ICA provides results similar to the DCC method, but it is still uncertain if it can stand alone in routine diagnosis.
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During the last few years streptococcal infections have been reported in connection with various cutaneous manifestations with severe or fatal outcome. A 62-year-old female with chronic interstitial nephritis was admitted with progression of confluent bullous lesions on her right leg. She had contracted a superficial scratch on her right foot 2 days prior to admission. Within 16 hours she deteriorated rapidly with symptoms on sepsis. Blood cultures and cutaneous swabs disclosed growth of beta-haemolytic streptococci group A. In spite of correct penicillin treatment she died 28 hours after admission. Skin biopsies from her right leg showed severe necrosis. This report is a reminder that new, cutaneous manifestations of streptococcal disease are still emerging.
A case of unilateral Leydig cell tumour in the testis with associated gynecomastia is reported. New methods of diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.
Cystic transformation of the periferal prostate affecting at least 10 cm3 of tissue was found in 19 out of 300 consecutive prostatic glands at autopsy. The etiology is probably multifactorial and no correlation is found with nodular hyperplasia or carcinoma. Periferal cystic hyperplasia may be a cause of palpatoric enlargement of the prostate and thus may be a differential diagnostic possibility to nodular hyperplasia or cancer.
The presence of calculi in 300 whole prostates from consecutive autopsies were investigated by the Faxitron imaging technique. Calculi were found in 99% of the prostates, their number and size increasing with age. They were mainly localized in the ducts in the borderzone between the middle lobes and the periferal prostate posterolaterally, but often some were also found anteriorly in the centreline. Calculi were never seen in the middle lobes. We found no statistically significant relation between the number, size or localization of calculi and other morphological or pathological parameters. Prostatic calculi seem to be a part of the normal process of aging, and do in only exceedingly rare cases assume any clinical importance.
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One case of primary, extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma in the retroperitoneal region is presented, which is the tenth case hitherto reported in the literature. The 3 females and 7 males reported had a median age at diagnosis of 59 1/2 years. The tumours were all large at diagnosis and the symptoms short and uncharacteristic. There was no characteristic set of laboratory or roentgenologic findings; 2 of the 10 cases had elevation of alkaline phosphatase, and in 4 cases roentgen examination revealed tumour calcifications. The prognosis was poor and 8 of the 10 patients died, with a median survival of 9 1/2 months. In 3 cases, surgery was supplemented by chemotherapy without obvious improvement in survival.