Biomedical subjects

G Samitz

Publications and source records attributed to G Samitz.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Physical activity for decreasing cardiovascular mortality and total mortality. A public health perspective].

Forty years of epidemiological research have shown that physical activity as well as physical fitness are inversely related to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in men and women. This association is likely to be causal. The moderate and most active or fit individuals experience mortality rates that are approximately one-third to one half lower than the rates among those least active or fit. Furthermore, moderate or high levels of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness seem to protect against the influence of other potential predictors on mortality. There appears to be a dose-response curve. The greatest benefit is registered when the least active become moderately active or fit. In western societies the prevalence of physical inactivity has been found to be as high as 40%. Exercise guidelines, as traditionally prescribed for disease prevention and improvement of aerobic capacity, unfortunately have failed to enhance the level of physical activity. Currently, exercise training is being extended to include broader physical activity. This new paradigm emphasizes the potential effectiveness of moderately intense activities of daily life (lifestyle activity) for achieving health benefit, and aims at improving levels of general energy expenditure throughout the day. This paper analyses the actual epidemiological evidence for these new recommendations and discusses approaches at different levels of physical activity intervention including individual, community, organisational, environmental and policy-level strategies to increase the activity levels of inactive population groups as well as across the population as a whole.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Aerobic upper body training. An underutilized potential in training therapy].

Until recently, there was little or no emphasis on aerobic upper body exercise training, despite research strongly supports the inclusion of this type of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation programs and adult fitness. The limited degree of transfer of training benefits from trained limbs to another set of untrained limbs appears to discount the practice of recommending aerobic leg exercise alone. In addition, leg training programs fail to accommodate individuals with specific health problems. There is an increased physiological stress during arm training, if compared to leg training. Exercise intensity derived from a bicycle- or treadmill test would therefore cause an inappropriately target heart rate for upper body exercise. Thus, target heart rate has to be reduced by 10 to 20% to be adequate for aerobic arm training. Finally, an example of a progressive arm exercise training program is shown.

Coronary Disease↗

PubMed1991

[Aerobic training guidelines in beta blocker therapy. An update].

Beta adrenergic blockers are first choice drugs in patients treated for hypertension, coronary heart disease, and patients recovering from myocardial infarction. In addition, aerobic exercise per se has proven to cause beneficial effects on those health problems. However, beta adrenergic blockade significantly effects aerobic hemodynamics and metabolism. These tremendous changes have to be taken under consideration when prescribing aerobic exercise for therapeutic purposes. In general, the guidelines for exercise prescription used for patients taking beta adrenergic blockers are similar to those used for healthy individuals. The factor that is most discussed is how to calculate the exercise intensity. The monitoring of exercise intensity with heart rate is acceptable for use as long as exercise intensity is determined while patient is on similar doses of beta adrenergic blocker at the time of exercise testing. RPE (rate perceived exertion) as an adjunct to heart rate in monitoring exercise intensity should be used. Chronic beta adrenergic blocker therapy with exercise training will improve aerobic capacity (VO2max) in healthy and hypertensive individuals, but the magnitude of improvement of VO2max is attenuated (approximately 10%) if compared to patients, suffering from coronary heart disease or recovering from myocardial infarction (+30%). Chronic beta adrenergic blocker therapy with aerobic exercise does not result in the lipid profile being improved. However, exercise training may be responsible for attenuating the beta adrenergic blocker induced deterioration of lipid profile normally seen. Although small, there seems to be an advantage to selective beta adrenergic blocker therapy, when combined with exercise training.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1991

Physical training programs and their effects on aerobic capacity and coronary risk profile in sedentary individuals. Design of a long-term exercise training program.

Currently the prevalent perception is that regular exercise training, besides increasing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure and plasma lipid fractions. This is the basis for recommending exercise training for health maintenance and as a part of any prevention program for middle aged and older individuals. The purpose of this work was first, to review whether a basis exists for these recommendations and if so, to secondly design an exercise training program adjusted to these groups. Its parameters should be efficient enough to cause improvements in VO2max and risk profile, yet prevent cardial and orthopedic problems. The structure and the results of exercise programs in 27 experimental studies (n = 1153) were reviewed. The findings indicate that significant changes in VO2max, apart from individuals having least favourable values initially, do not necessarily effect simultaneous improvements in either blood pressure or plasma lipid fractions. Results strongly indicate the permanent benefits of participating in a long-term exercise program. This program should therefore provide a very useful and natural addition to the accepted dietary and pharmacological therapies.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Principles and general practice of a goal-oriented training plan for diabetic patients participating in sports].

Due to a well known experience physical work in patients with diabetes mellitus II is a very important part of the therapy beside diet and medicament treatment. To guarantee a high training efficiency an individual training regimen has to be worked out for the patient. To influence the impaired glucose metabolism the endurance exercise should be carried out at an intensity near the anaerobic threshold. Therefore it is necessary to have a stepwise incremental exercise test including lactate determination after each work load of the patient. Basing on exercise test this paper is designed to give an example of a training regimen in various sport activities (bicycle, running, ski cross country running, swimming) which enables the physician to handle his diabetic patient with an stepwise increasing training program to an optimal training intensity.

Blood Glucose↗