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Biomedical subjects

G Samuelson

Publications and source records attributed to G Samuelson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Nutrition and health in Swedish children 1930-1980. Three nutrition surveys in a northern Swedish county.

In 1930 a nutrition survey was made of 1675 school children in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. In 1967 a second survey was carried out in the same area, covering 1411 children aged 4, 8 and 13 years. A third survey was carried out in 1980 of 572 children in the same age groups. In the first survey questionnaires concerning food consumption were used, in the two later surveys 24-hour recall of food intake was recorded. Underweight and iron deficiency anaemia were prevalent in 1930. Since then socio-economic conditions have improved dramatically and dietary habits have become more diversified. In the last study the average energy intake had decreased from 100 to 87% of the RDA. A slight increase in the prevalence of overweight among 13-year-old children was also noted. The fat intake was lower in 1980 than in 1967, but the P/S-ratio was still low (0.23). The iron intake reached a satisfactory level in the two later studies and no case of iron-deficiency anaemia was found in 1980. In spite of a relatively frequent sucrose intake dental health had improved as a consequence of other prophylactic activities. The malnutrition problems of 1930 have been eradicated but new nutritional problems, linked to the risk of developing obesity and health problems in adulthood such as coronary heart disease, call for new preventive strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Food and nutrient intakes in Swedish diabetic children.

Food and energy intakes in diabetic children, 7-9 and 12-14 years of age, were studied by the 7-d record method. The mean duration of diabetes in the younger group was 3.0 years and in the older group 4.2. The children had 3 main meals and 3.4 light meals daily. The median daily number of sandwiches was 7, often offered as snacks. All children used a low-fat margarine, low-fat cheese and low-fat milk. Sweets and diabetic food were seldom used. Of the energy intake protein contributed 18 per cent, fat 32 per cent and carbohydrates 50 per cent, including sucrose 2 per cent. Mean daily intake of fibre was 20 g. Compared to healthy children of the same age and from the same areas of Sweden the diabetics had a more regular meal pattern, their energy intakes did not differ, but the diet of diabetics was lower in fat and sucrose and higher in protein. The mean height, weight and BMI did not differ from healthy children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Physical activity in relation to energy intake and body fat in 8- and 13-year-old children in Sweden.

A random sample of 682 8- and 13-year-old children resident in Sweden was studied with regard to physical activity, energy intake, height, weight and skinfold thickness. A reduction of physical activity over the years was indicated by a tendency towards a higher body fat content in spite of a lower mean energy intake as compared with such values obtained 10-15 years ago in Swedish children of equal ages. Children characterized by high habitual physical activity tended to have a lower body fat content, despite a higher energy intake, than less active children. Children, especially girls, of parents with a low educational level showed a tendency towards higher body fat content as compared with those of parents with higher education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Food habits and nutrient intake in childhood in relation to health and socio-economic conditions. A Swedish Multicentre Study 1980-81.

In Sweden a multicentre nutritional survey was performed in 1980-81 in four different parts of Sweden. The total number of children investigated was 1109, of whom 92 were two years old, 332 four years, 338 eight years and 347 thirteen years. The 24-hour recall method was used in all children. In addition 7-day record was used in the 2-, 4- and 8-year-olds and the dietary history method in the 13-year-olds. During the weekdays the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old children had 5.9, 5.8, 5.4 and 5.2 meals and snacks per day, respectively. During weekends these respective numbers decreased to 5.7, 5.6, 5.1 and 5.0. The mean number of light meals and snacks was almost the same on all days and varied between 2.4 and 3.3 in the different age groups. The part of the energy intake deriving from snacks has increased during the last 15 years. The mean daily energy intakes for the 2-, 4-, 8- and 13-year-old boys and girls were 5.8 and 5.6, 6.9 and 6.5, 8.9 and 7.9 and 12.1 and 9.7 MJ respectively. These values are below the recommendations for all age groups except the 2-year-old boys. The mean daily intakes of protein, retinol, ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12 and calcium were almost invariably higher or much higher than the recommendations, while those of vitamin D and zinc were below the recommended values. The iron intake fulfilled the recommendations except for the 2-year-olds and the 13-year-old girls. The intake of protein and fat expressed in per cent of the total energy intake was very similar in all age groups, about 14 per cent and 35-37 per cent respectively. The mean ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was also the same in all age groups, i.e. 0.22-0.23. This low ratio is explained by a high consumption of dairy products. Furthermore, the nutrient density of the food did not change appreciably with age. The only exception was found for the 2-year-old children, who had slightly higher nutrient density values on account of a relatively high consumption of fortified follow-up formula. In all age groups the mean nutrient densities of vitamins D and B6 and of iron were below the recommendations to varying degrees. No clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies, iron deficiency included, were found in any age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Infant feeding and dental caries--a longitudinal study of Swedish children.

The aim of the study was to compare dietary habits in children at the age of 12 months with the caries status at the age of 3. In 312 children, residing in 3 different parts of Sweden, a dietary study was carried out at 12 mo. of age, and in 275 (88%) a caries examination was performed at the age of 3. At 12 months of age, higher education of the mother was positively correlated with consumption of bread, vegetables, fruit and meat and negatively with frequency of sucrose-rich foods. At the age of 3, caries was diagnosed in 16% of the children. The prevalence of cavities was related to the level of education of the mother in all 3 areas, cavities being most numerous in children whose mother had received a shorter education. A discriminant analysis showed that the equation discriminating the two a priori defined groups, one with and one without caries at the age of 3, contained a number of sucrose-rich foods. The 3-year-old children with caries had generally consumed cakes, butter, bread and sweet soups more frequently at the age of 12 months than the children in the non-caries group. The analysis thus indicated that - on the group level at least - a dietary pattern, which may be casually linked with future dental caries development, was already established at the age of 12 months. Dietary counselling, when the child is 12-18 mo. of age and based upon information about the dietary habits of the child could thus be of value to prevent caries in the preschool child.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

From breastmilk to family food. Infant feeding in three Swedish communities.

The feeding habits of 312 Swedish infants have been followed longitudinally from birth to one year of age. The duration of breastfeeding had increased in comparison with the low figures in the beginning of the 1970s. Complementary foods were usually introduced from three months of age. At the age of 6 months all infants received complementary foods such as semi-solids and solids and about 90% were given follow-up formula. Parents belonging to higher socioeconomic strata were more prone to act in accordance with general feeding recommendations, e.g. regarding breastfeeding duration, time of introduction of complementary foods and gluten-containing foods and the use of sucrose-rich foods.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dietary intake of weaned infants in a Swedish community.

The energy and nutrient intake of 6 and 12-month-old weaned Swedish infants was studied by means of 24-h recalls. Milk-cereal follow-up formulas played a dominating role in the diet, contributing 57 per cent of the total energy intake at 6 months and 26 per cent at 12 months. The ratio between the macronutrients was characterized by a high-protein and low-fat intake; 16-17 per cent of energy derived from protein and 29-33 per cent from fat at 6 and 12 months respectively. The protein intake was also high in absolute figures: 3.3 g per kg body-weight at 6 months and 4.2 g per kg at 12 months. The mean daily energy intake for these normally growing infants was 75 per cent of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) at 6 months, and the need for a revision of the energy allowances in infancy is discussed. The estimated daily intake of iron was equal to the RDA at 6 months and 80 per cent of the allowance at 12 months. The daily intake of vitamin D exceeded the RDA to such a degree, that the present level of vitamin D supplementation through oral drops is questioned.

Diet↗
PubMed1983

Intercomparison of Nordic exposure secondary standards for soft roentgen rays.

An intercomparison of exposure secondary standards for soft roentgen rays in use in the Nordic countries is reported. One of the standards was used as a reference standard against which all the other standards were calibrated. The statistical uncertainty in the calibrations was estimated to be 0.8 per cent (at the 95% confidence level) and the maximum systematic uncertainty in the intercomparison was estimated to be 0.8 per cent. The observed differences, at most about one per cent, were not considered significant. It was concluded that for this type of chambers a period of about five years is acceptable between recalibrations against a primary standard unless stability checks indicate otherwise.

Calibration↗
PubMed1980

Tissue residue depletion and recycling of sulfamethazine in swine.

Sulfamethazine was fed to weanling pigs at the rate of 100 g/ton of ration for 98 days to investigate the depletion rate of the drug from the plasma and edible tissues of swine. The mean plasma concentration of sulfamethazine for 21 treated pigs peaked at 10.8 ppm on day 77 of the 98-day treatment period. The concentration of sulfamethazine in kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous fat was at or below 0.1 ppm within 7 days after withdrawal of medicated feed. Depletion of sulfamethazine from the tissues and plasma of the treated pigs plotted on a semilogarithmic graph. Six of seven unoccupied by the treated pigs accumulated drug residues in their kidney and liver tissues. Sulfamethazine concentrations in these tissues were at or above 0.1 ppm in 5 to 14 days.

Adipose Tissue↗