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Biomedical subjects

G Santangelo

Publications and source records attributed to G Santangelo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

An in vitro study of the possible interaction between human platelets and cephalosporins.

The effects in vitro of four cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) on adenosine diphosphate-induced human platelet aggregation were investigated. Ceftazidime-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation was significant only at a final concentration of 1 mg/ml, whereas ceftriaxone-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation was also significant at a final concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Cefotaxime and cefuroxime were less active than ceftriaxone.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[Complications of gastroduodenal peptic ulcers].

The paper reports that the introduction of H2-antagonist histamine drugs has led to the present drastic contraction of surgical therapy and complications related to gastroduodenal peptic ulcers. Following a brief discussion of the diagnostics of the various complications of the disease, the surgical urgency is then underlined and case studies are presented (A. Vinci). Thirty-seven hemorrhagic ulcers are reported, 32 of which were completely treated with somatostatin and blood transfusions and 5 were operated for gastrosection during hemorrhage; 70 acute gastroduodenal perforations and 8 blocked pyloroduodenal stenoses are also reported. The surgical approach used for each type of complication is discussed, underlining the end-result to be attained in relation to the patient's future. It is stressed, however, that the surgeon's main goal must be to save the patient's life using the simplest and most efficacious method available.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1990

[Modern view of the pathogenesis and therapy of gastroduodenal peptic ulcer].

After a wide analysis of peptic gastroduodenal ulcer medical therapy, before and after the era of cimetidine, the Authors, after a brief account of the Anatomy and Physiology of the stomach, examine surgical therapy, from the end of the last century till now. After giving the results of the surgical cases of one of them (A. Vinci), including 500 operations, from 1955 till now, almost all with gastric resection, without vagotomy, the Authors point out that today, in the era of cimetidine, surgical therapy has considerably diminished and is reserved only for the complications of pathological cases (perforation, hemorrhage, closed duodenum stenosis), and for those cases which don't respond to antisecretory pharmacological therapy. They also emphasize, that nowadays, in spite of the cooperation among gastroenterologists, gastroscopists and surgeons, the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer isn't clear yet, and they conclude by saying that our lack of knowledge of its origin and natural evolution, doesn't guarantee a definitive cure, although the therapy with cimetidine and similar medicines, according to the Authors' personal experiences and opinion, must be continued for the patient's entire life.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1990

Penetration of cefonicid into human lung tissue and lymph nodes.

The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the penetration of cefonicid, a long-acting parenteral cephalosporin, with enhanced activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, into human lung tissue and lymph nodes in patients undergoing open thoracotomy. Samples of lung tissue, lymph nodes and serum were obtained at various times after a single intramuscular dose of 1 g. The concentration of cefonicid was assayed by an agar diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis used as the test organism. The mean concentrations of cefonicid in serum at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after the injection were 91.5, 66.1, 35.7, 21.8 and 2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The mean levels of cefonicid into the hilar lymph nodes at the same times were 22.3, 18.7, 12.0, 6.9 and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively, while its concentrations in lung tissue were lower than those in lung lymph nodes up to the 12th hour (12.1, 14.6, 7.8, 5.4 and 1.9 micrograms/ml, respectively). Our results show that cefonicid was well distributed in interstitial fluid from which pulmonary lymph is formed and that its concentrations in lung tissue and lymph nodes were sufficient to inhibit most pathogens involved in respiratory tract infections. This finding was considered important, because it demonstrated that the high binding by plasma protein of cefonicid did not prevent it from entering lung tissue and fluids in useful quantities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acute respiratory and cardiovascular effects of inhaled ketanserin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A comparative study with intravenously administered ketanserin.

In a double-blind, crossover study, nebulized ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, and a placebo were given to eight patients with moderate to severe nonasthmatic COPD. Intravenous ketanserin had rapid onset of action and induced a longer lasting bronchial response than inhaled ketanserin. These results confirm that ketanserin acts as a mild bronchodilator in patients with COPD and demonstrate that the inhaled route has no advantage over the intravenous route in terms of effectiveness. Thus, 5-HT may play a role in bronchomotor tone, at least in patients with chronic airway obstruction.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

In vitro short-term chemosensitivity test in head and neck tumors.

A new method to test the sensitivity of human tumor cells has been developed. A suspension of mechanically dissociated tumor cells is kept in continuous incubation for 24h, in cultures with antineoplastic agents. Drug induced cell cycle perturbations are monitored by flow cytometric computer analysis and DNA distributions of the cells stained with propidium iodide are expressed in percentage. The test is used in 15 head and neck human solid tumors. The drugs tested were: VCR, EpiDx, CDDP, MTX, 5-FU, CPM, BLM. The results obtained reveal that tumor sensitivity varies independently from the stage and malignity grading. Therapeutic combinations are assigned by selecting the drugs on the basis of the individual in vitro response.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Quantitative study of the "T" subpopulations in subjects with bronchiolitis].

T-lymphocyte subsets were determined by monoclonal antibodies in eighty children with acute bronchiolitis, eighty healthy controls and 37 patients with respiratory tract infections other than bronchiolitis, all matched by age and sex. T3 and T8-positive cells, but not T3-positive cells, were significantly decreased in the bronchiolitis patients (p less than 0.001), with a subsequent increase in the T-helper/suppressor ratio (p less than 0.001). The decrease in T-suppressor lymphocytes could play a role in the pathogenesis of acute bronchiolitis, allowing IgE hyperproduction and alveolar mast cell activation, due to the imbalance in helper/suppressor activity.

Bronchiolitis↗
PubMed1985

Two separable functional domains of simian virus 40 large T antigen: carboxyl-terminal region of simian virus 40 large T antigen is required for efficient capsid protein synthesis.

The carboxyl-terminal portion of simian virus 40 large T antigen is essential for productive infection of CV-1 and CV-1p green monkey kidney cells. Mutant dlA2459, lacking 14 base pairs at 0.193 map units, was positive for viral DNA replication, but unable to form plaques in CV-1p cells (J. Tornow and C.N. Cole, J. Virol. 47:487-494, 1983). In this report, the defect of dlA2459 is further defined. Simian virus 40 late mRNAs were transcribed, polyadenylated, spliced, and transported in dlA2459-infected cells, but the level of capsid proteins produced in infected CV-1 green monkey kidney cells was extremely low. dlA2459 large T antigen lacks those residues known to be required for adenovirus helper function, and the block to productive infection by dlA2459 occurs at the same stage of infection as the block to productive adenovirus infection of CV-1 cells. These results suggest that the adenovirus helper function is required for productive infection by simian virus 40. Mutant dlA2459 was able to grow on the Vero and BSC-1 lines of African green monkey kidney cells. Additional mutants affecting the carboxyl-terminal portion of large T were prepared. Mutant inv2408 contains an inversion of the DNA between the BamHI and BclI sites (0.144 to 0.189 map units). This inversion causes transposition of the carboxyl-terminal 26 amino acids of large T antigen and the carboxyl-terminal 18 amino acids of VP1. This mutant was viable, even though the essential information absent from dlA2459 large T antigen has been transferred to the carboxyl terminus of VP1 of inv2408. The VP1 polypeptide carrying this carboxyl-terminal portion of large T could overcome the defect of dlA2459. This indicates that the carboxyl terminus of large T antigen is a separate and separable functional domain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A combination of cefuroxime and N-acetyl-cysteine for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children.

One hundred and three children with lower respiratory tract infections were treated with a combination of cefuroxime and N-acetyl-cysteine. Positive clinical results were obtained in 100 patients, symptoms being completely relieved in 58 and distinct improvement produced in 42. Chest x-rays provided objective evidence of recovery or improvement in these 100 patients. Of the 72 pathogenic strains isolated before treatment in the trial population as a whole, none were still detectable at the end of treatment. No side effects or adverse reactions of any kind were observed.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1981

The distribution of peroxide regulating enzymes in the canine eye.

The retina and rod outer segments (ROS), rich in unsaturated lipids, are highly susceptible to autoxidation via free radical mechanisms. In the canine eye, four enzymes, i.e.; p-phenylenediamine (PPD) peroxidase, glutathione peroxidases, catalase and superoxide dismutase which are involved in the production or degradation of peroxides, were measured. All enzymes were present in the retina, ciliary body and iris, but differed in concentration. Superoxide dismutase showed high activity in the ROS. In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) a peroxidase utilizing PPD as cosubstrate and superoxide dismutase were both present. The former enzyme was found equally distributed between soluble and insoluble forms. A pigment granule fraction from the RPE only contained PPD-peroxidase. The compartmentalization of peroxide regulating enzymes in the eye is striking. Whereas the retina seems well protected against superoxide free radicals and hydrogen peroxide by virtue of superoxide dismutase, peroxidases and catalase activities, the ROS are only protected by superoxide dismutase. Therefore, after phagocytosis of the ROS, any peroxidized lipids, organic peroxides, or unconverted superoxide radicals contained within the ROS, must be detoxified by a specific RPE peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Hydrogen peroxide or other peroxidized compounds apparently are not degraded by glutathione peroxidases or catalase, since these enzymes were not measurable in our RPE preparations. The role of antioxidative enzymes in the eye, which retard peroxide and free radical information, appears to be specific and regional.

Animals↗