Biomedical subjects
G Schmit
Publications and source records attributed to G Schmit.
Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis: follow-up of 78 cases between 1980 and 1997. Reims Toxoplasmosis Group.
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and immunological outcome of 78 children with congenital toxoplasmosis treated with the pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine combination between 1980 and 1997. METHODS: Children were divided into 3 groups according to the initial duration of treatment (always including folinic acid, 5 mg/week by mouth), as follows: pyrimethamine (1.25 mg/kg every 15 d) + sulfadoxine (25 mg/kg every 15 d) for 12 months (Group 1, 47 children), or for 24 months, with or without prenatal therapy (respectively, Group 2, 19 children, and Group 3, 12 children). RESULTS: Chorioretinitis occurred in 23% of these 78 children. Four children had unilateral blindness, 1 had mild epileptic fits and 1 had psychomotor retardation. The lowest rate of sequelae were in Groups 2 and 3. Immunological rebounds, generally without clinical repercussions, occurred frequently (90% of cases on average) during, or more often after therapy, regardless of the treatment duration. Treatment was always well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Our current treatment strategy for congenital toxoplasmosis consists of a 24-month course of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) combined with folinic acid (Lederfoline). If the prenatal diagnosis is positive, we also prescribe this treatment to the mother until delivery. This combination offers satisfactory compliance, adequate serum concentrations, and good preventive efficacy.
Facial responsiveness to odours in normal and pervasively developmentally disordered children.
The facial responsiveness of 10 mutic children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and 10 normal (N) children matched for sex and chronological age were covertly videotaped while presented with a set of odours contrasted in hedonic valence. Hedonic ratings of the stimuli were obtained both from the group of N subjects and a panel of adults. Two methods were used to measure facial responses in the same subjects. The first method consisted in an analysis of facial movements with the Facial Action Coding System. Results show that PDD and N subjects displayed distinct action units in response to unpleasant odours. PDD subjects typically displayed muscular actions indexing negative experience, while N subjects showed more smiles. With the second method, odour-elicited facial behaviour was rated by a panel of observers, who were asked to judge whether the subjects were exposed a pleasant, neutral or unpleasant smell. The facial responses to unpleasant odours were classified more accurately in PDD than in N subjects. These findings suggest a functional ability to sense the hedonics attached to odours, but a deficit of socialization of hedonic facial displays in developmentally disordered subjects.
[Children's communication in the family. A new perspective].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Adolescence and family therapy].
The authors have tried to describe the different levels of understanding or "rationales" of the adolescence crisis: individual rationale of the adolescent going through a period of psychic disruption, individual rationale of the parents who must face the "parental crisis", and rationale of the family system whose relational organization must be changed. In adolescents, symptoms often occur as a result of the confrontation of these different, contradictory rationales. The point at issue is to find out whether the main obstacles to change are at the individual level or in the family system. The authors give some guidelines for selecting the most appropriate therapy and for determining the value of familial therapy in adolescence.
[Current concepts of hospitalization in pediatric psychiatry].
Although it remains valuable for evaluating the patient and planning pharmacotherapy, hospitalization in a psychiatric department is no longer restricted to these purposes. Hospitalization enables separation of the child or adolescent from his usual environment during periods of acute conflict. It is aimed at modifying and overcoming the conflicts between family members which are underlying in the child's or parent's request for support. Hospitalization can become an essential part of the child's treatment if it is carefully planned and harmonized with the other curative and preventive methods.
[Toward a psychological approach to childhood obesity].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Anorexia nervosa in boys: a fact].
Adolescent anorexia nervosa is characterised by its relationship to pubertal conflicts. The authors report two cases showing that this syndrome is not confined to girls. In boys, it usually results in delayed puberty. The diagnostic criteria are detailed. The concept of pathological process, causing stereotyped syndrome, is distinguished from the notion of psychological organisation which gives rise to wide individual variation. The pathological outcome is considered in the context of pubertal dynamics, marked by the reemergence of the oedipus conflict and the rearrangement of the patients identificatory systems, and also in the continuity of the particular libidinal behaviour, characterised by important points of fixation of the oral pulsion. The role of the family group in the initiation and maintenance of the anorectic behaviour is also discussed.
[Evaluation of walking difficulties using a dynamometric cane].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Identity crisis in adolescents].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Specificity of function of a psychiatric unit in a general hospital (author's transl)].
The recent creation of a psychiatric unit in the hospital Broussais gives rise to reflection on what, according to the authors, could constitute the originality of such a treatment unit. It should not be used to satisfy all the requests for psychiatric care within the hospital itself, nor act in parallel with the specialized psychiatric departments established as such in psychiatric or general hospitals. The presence, however, of a group of psychiatrists working as a team in a general hospital, and having several beds for their own autonomous use, should enable the first approach to be made, under the best conditions, to pathological disorders produced by psychological disturbances which are not immediately recognized by the patient: somatic manifestations of anxiety or depression, psychosomatic disorders, behavioural problems such as alcoholism, or even suicide attempts. This clinical function cannot be dissociated from the daily therapeutic approach of the health team or from the conception of medical psychology training based on the true needs of general practitioners. It is also the starting point for a close collaboration with physicians and basic scientists in the field of medical research.
[Acute psychoses and LSD in adolescents].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Letter: Loeffler's syndrome caused by hypersensitivity to domestic acarids].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Resolutive mediastinal adenopathies during lupic disease revealed by recurrent venous thrombosis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Anorexia nervosa in the male adolescent. Observations and theoretical comments].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.