Biomedical subjects

G Schmolke

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmolke.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Arsenic-copper interaction in the kidney of the rat.

1. The interaction between As and three toxic metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) and Cu (an essential trace metal) in the kidney was investigated in the rat by feeding diets containing various concentrations of As whilst maintaining constant concentrations of the other elements. After 1, 3, 7 and 15 weeks of feeding, metal contents in the renal cortex and medulla, red blood cells and plasma were determined by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). 2. As accumulated in the whole kidney, whereas Cu accumulated only in the cortex. Accumulation of Cu was found to depend on the feeding period and dietary As concentration. 3. As was also accumulated in red blood cells, where saturation was found at 550 micrograms As g-1 cells. 4. Although Cd was also accumulated in the cortex, its accumulation was independent of the dietary As concentration. Ni and Pb were not detected by ICP-AES. 5. Chromatography of the supernatants from cortical homogenates of control and As-treated rat kidney suggested that Cu accumulated in renal metallothionein (MT). Its accumulation in this fraction was independent of that of Cd, indicating that the As-Cu interaction was not a result of MT induction, but rather that it might result from altered renal handling of Cu with subsequent incorporation into MT.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Leukotrienes].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase↗

PubMed1987

Metal-metal interactions among dietary toxic and essential trace metals in the rat.

Exposure to toxic and essential metals is thought to be reflected by corresponding metal concentrations in tissues. However, toxic and essential metals may influence each other in regard to their retention in the body. Therefore a basic diet containing four toxic metals (As 7, Cd 9, Ni 13, and Pb 20 ppm) and adequate amounts of essential metals was fed to rats for 2 weeks. Test groups received the basic diet with increasing concentrations of one of the toxic metals (up to 90 ppm As, 180 ppm Cd, 365 ppm Ni, and 394 ppm Pb). As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined by atomic emission spectroscopy in liver, kidney, intestine, brain, muscle, bone, skin, hair, and blood. A linear relationship between diet and tissue concentration is observed for As and Ni in the kidney, for Cd in the liver, and for Pb in the bone. In other tissues saturation was observed. While Cd-Fe interactions were common to most of the tissues, other interactions were detected only in specific tissues, e.g., As-Cu in the kidney, Cd-Zn in the liver, and As-Mn, Cd-Mn, or Ni-Cu in the intestine. Increases of renal Pb and intestinal Cd by dietary Ni, and a decrease in bone As by dietary Pb were the most pronounced interactions between the toxic metals. The results demonstrate that potential target organs for the evaluation of metal exposure need to be carefully analyzed for interfering metal-metal interactions.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1984

Lithotripsy in the common bile duct using ultrasound. Preliminary in vitro experiments.

In patients with an increased surgical risk, common bile duct stones can be removed with the aid of endoscopic papillotomy. Most stones are either passed spontaneously, or can be drawn out with the Dormia basket. Excessively large stones can first be smashed with the mechanical lithotripter. Some 20% of the stones presenting are, however, too hard to be smashed in this way. A technique was accordingly developed for smashing such bile duct stones using ultrasound. A prerequisite for this technique was the development of an acoustic wave guide that would conduct ultrasound energy even when bent. With this procedure, it will soon be possible to destroy bile duct stones in situ.

Gallstones↗