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Biomedical subjects

G Scialfa

Publications and source records attributed to G Scialfa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance in multiple sclerosis.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging was performed in more than 200 patients with clinical suspicion or knowledge of Multiple Sclerosis. One hundred and forty-seven (60 males and 87 females) had MR evidence of multiple sclerosis lesions. The MR signal of demyelinating plaques characteristically has prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times and the T2-weighted spin-echo sequences are generally superior to the T1-weighted images because the lesions are better visualized as areas of increased signal intensity. MR is also able to detect plaques in the brainstem, cerebellum and within the cervical spinal cord. MR appears to be an important, non-invasive method for the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and has proven to be diagnostically superior to CT, evoked potentials (EP) and CSF examination. In a selected group of 30 patients, with the whole battery of the relevant MS studies, MR was positive in 100%, CT in 33.3%, EP in 56% and CSF examination in 60%. In patients clinically presenting only with signs of spinal cord involvement or optic neuritis or when the clinical presentation is uncertain MR has proven to be a very useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis of MS by demonstrating unsuspected lesions in the cerebral hemispheres.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral cavernous angiomas.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proved to be far superior to computed tomography and angiography in detecting cavernous angiomas in 55 patients, with a total of 72 lesions. A cavernous angioma usually appears as a nodular lesion with a relatively short T1 and long T2, circumscribed by a hypointense ring. The MR signal varies according to histopathologic components. Usually, no significant mass effect is detected. Sometimes a rim of edema or gliosis is present (long T2). When a massive bleeding is present, differential diagnosis from chronic hematoma of other origin is not always easy, but may be possible from the clinical presentation and some MR findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Reversible ischemic attacks with normal angiogram: risk factors, clinical findings, and prognosis.

One hundred seventeen patients with reversible ischemic attacks were divided into two groups according to the presence of atheromatous lesions on angiography. Female sex, vertebrobasilar territory involvement, and younger age were related to normal angiograms. Among risk factors, only hypertension was associated with atheroma. However, the number of risk factors in each patient was related linearly to angiographic abnormality. Later stroke and myocardial infarction were significantly more common in patients with atheromatous lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Neuroradiological treatment of carotid and vertebral fistulas and intracavernous aneurysms. Technical problems and results.

Thirty-three patients have been treated with balloon catheters since 1978. Debrun's detachable balloons were used in 31 and a Fogarty catheter in the other two. Problems were encountered from the introduction of the catheter to the detachment of the balloon. We have treated 21 fistulas between the internal carotid and cavernous sinus, 3 fistulas between the external carotid and jugular vein, 2 mixed fistulas between internal and external carotid and cavernous sinus, 2 vertebral fistulas and 5 intracavernous aneurysms. Delayed angiographic control has shown that the arterial axis remained patent in a high percentage of cases and that the formation of an asymptomatic pseudo-aneurysmal sac within the cavernous sinus is the rule. Long-term clinical follow-up has confirmed the angiographic results. In two patients neurological complications led to the patients' death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Macroprolactinomas: CT evaluation of reduction of tumor size after medical treatment.

Thirty patients with macroprolactinomas were treated with dopaminergic drugs from a minimum of 4 months to a maximum of 6 years. Tumor size was evaluated with serial CT during treatment; serum prolactin levels and visual fields were also assessed at the same time. Reduction of PRL levels was found in 28 patients of whom 20 also had marked reduction of tumor volume on CT. Two patterns of reduction of size of tumor in relation with time were observed. In one, tumor shrinkage occurred rapidly in the first month and even in the first week after starting treatment. In the other pattern the tumor reduced in size only after some months of treatment. It is proposed that all patients with macroprolactinomas should be treated medically before considering surgery. A radiological diagnostic and research protocol is proposed, including scout views, thin slices, coronal sections, objective measurement of tumor size and density, serial CTs at 7,21,45 days, 6 months and then every year after the beginning of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of external carotid arteriovenous fistula with detachable balloon.

A simple fistula between the external carotid artery and the internal jugular vein was treated for the first time using Debrun's technique with a detachable balloon catheter. The nature of the fistulous connection makes the release of the balloon inflated with silicone completely harmless. The occlusion of the fistula, while maintaining the patency of the remaining branches of the external carotid artery, proves this technique to be the most appropriate for the treatment of arteriovenous fistulae in the neck.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

CT evaluation in patients with transient ischemic attack. Correlation between clinical and angiographic findings.

35 patients clinically diagnosed with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 15 patients clinically diagnosed with reversible ischemic neurological deficits (RIND) were examined by computerized tomography (CT). 34% of TIA patients showed positive CT scans consisting of small hypodenase areas: 60% of RIND patients had larger lesions. In 20% of the overall group the only pathological finding consisted of unilateral focal atophy or ventricular asymmetry. Correlation between angiographically demonstrated atherosclerotic lesions and positive CT was high. On the contrary, no correlation was found between either the risk factors or the natural history of ischemic attack and positive CT findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Post mortem investigation of the vertebrabasilar system.

The shape, origin, termination and number of the main arteries of the vertebrobasilar system have been analysed in 30 anatomic specimens by dissection of the injected vessels and by radiography. Five projections are described for identifying the different regions of the brain stem and cerebellum through the appearance of the arteries. A technique is proposed for obtaining a 'true' a.p. view of the vessels in vertebral angiography in patients.

Arteries↗
PubMed1976

Spontaneous displacement of air after encephalography.

In some cases it has been observed that after encephalography air seems to be displaced from one part of the ventricular system to another without movements of the head. This apparently occurs in spite of the law of upward displacement of gases in fluids.

Air Movements↗