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Biomedical subjects

G Shelley

Publications and source records attributed to G Shelley.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence among U.S. adults.

Attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important correlate of violent behavior. This study examined acceptance of IPV using data collected from a nationally representative telephone survey of 5,238 adults. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics, exposure to violence, question order, and acceptance of hitting a spouse or boyfriend/girlfriend under specific circumstances. Depending on the circumstance examined, acceptance of IPV was significantly higher among participants who were male and younger than 35; were non-White; were divorced, separated, or had never married; had not completed high school; had a low household income; or were victims of violence within the past 12 months. Participants were more accepting of women hitting men; they also were consistently more likely to report tolerance of IPV if they were asked first about women hitting men rather than men hitting women. Reports of IPV tolerance need to be interpreted within the context of the survey. Efforts to change IPV attitudes can be tailored to specific IPV circumstances and subgroups, and these efforts should emphasize that the use of physical violence is unacceptable to both genders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Partner violence, partner notification, and women's decisions to have an HIV test.

OBJECTIVES: Reports of partner violence against HIV-positive women after they have disclosed their serostatus have led some to reassess partner notification strategies and to speculate that fear of partner violence following partner notification may influence women's HIV testing decisions. We studied whether associations exist between women's declining to have an HIV test and history of partner violence, fear of partner violence, previous experience with partner notification, or beliefs about partner notification. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed women seen at Newark and Miami sexually transmitted disease clinics. The women were at least 18 years old, not known to be HIV positive, not tested for HIV in the previous 3 months, and offered HIV testing during the clinic visit. Women who declined testing were compared with women who accepted. RESULTS: Of 490 participants (89% of eligible women), 16% reported partner violence in the past year, and 28% declined HIV testing. Declining the test was not significantly (p >.05) associated with history or fear of partner violence, previous experience with partner notification, or beliefs about partner notification. When specifically asked, only 2 women responded that their declining the test was related to fear that their partner or partners might harm them if the women tested positive. CONCLUSIONS: Among women seen at these clinics, we did not find evidence that declining the HIV test was strongly influenced by partner violence, previous experience with partner notification, or beliefs about partner notification. However, many women reported partner violence. Therefore, providers should assess the potential for partner violence and be prepared to make appropriate referrals.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

A study of the relationship between tensile testing of condoms and breakage in use.

The ability of the condom wall to maintain its integrity throughout sexual intercourse is critical to its role in halting the spread of major sexually transmissible pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus. There are three principal in vitro performance tests applied to condoms: a test for freedom from holes, an inflation test, and tensile testing. In this study we subjected condoms that had broken in use to tensile tests in order to determine any correlation between their in vivo and in vitro performance. Condoms which had broken in use showed similar tensile properties to those which had not. All passed all tensile test criteria. Thus, the inclusion of tensile testing in National Standards for condoms is not sufficient to insure strong products.

Contraceptive Devices, Male↗
PubMed1989

Testosterone, and winning and losing in human competition.

Testosterone and cortisol were measured in six university tennis players across six matches during their varsity season. Testosterone rose just before most matches, and players with the highest prematch testosterone had the most positive improvement in mood before their matches. After matches, mean testosterone rose for winners relative to losers, especially for winners with very positive moods after their victories and who evaluated their own performance highly. Winners with rising testosterone had higher testosterone before their next match, in contrast to losers with falling testosterone, who had lower testosterone before their next match. Cortisol was not related to winning or losing, but it was related to seed (top players having low cortisol), and cortisol generally declined as the season progressed. These results are consistent with a biosocial theory of status.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

Respiratory cytodiagnosis: study in observer variation and its relation to quality of material.

Sensitivity and accuracy of cytodiagnosis were assessed in a multicentre study. Six centres each provided sputum cytological material from 20 cases. Each centre screened and reported on the 100 slides provided by the other five centres. The reports were assessed against consensus reference diagnoses, reached by discussion with transparencies, histological sections, and closed-circuit television. False positive rates of 0-4% (average 1.3%) and false negative rates of 0-12% (average 5.0%) of slides examined were recorded. The order of agreement on the three common cell types was adenocarcinoma 75% (50-91%), squamous cell carcinoma 80% (59-94%) and small carcinoma 95% (71-100%). The effect of quality of material on cytological opinion was assessed by comparing disagreement rates on each of the different sets of 20 slides. Disagreement varied from 1% to 23% depending on which set of material was examined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Actinomyces-like structures and their association with intrauterine contraceptive devices, pelvic infection and abnormal cervical cytology.

A total of 1919 cervical cytology smears from South Galmorgan family planning clinic patients were studied and actinomyces-like structures were identified in 38. All 38 were from women reported as having an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and they represent 25 per cent of the 147 women in the whole study who were reported as having an IUCD. There was no evidence of pelvic infection or significant increase in gynaecological problems amongst these 38 women, but there was a significant increase in atypical and dyskaryotic cells in the cervical smears.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1975

Antenatal screening for candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and gonorrhoea.

Gonorrhoea was not found to be a problem in antenatal patients. It was found in only one out of 625 women, thus confirming other British surveys which do not agree with the North American figures. Candidiasis is commoner than trichomoniasis (27.4 and 4.7 per cent. prevalence respectively) and culture of a high vaginal swab is more effective as a means of diagnosis than a cervical cytology smear. The two conditions seldom occur together. The detection rate for Candida increases with gestation, but not with age, parity, or premarital and extramarital conception. The species isolated was predominantly Candida albicans. Trichomonads are detected in culture of a high vaginal swab more often than in a cervical cytology smear. Detection does not increase with age, parity, or gestation, but does increase with premarital and extramarital conception. It is difficult to diagnose clinically the cause of vaginal discharge in a pregnant woman.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Observer variation and quality control of cytodiagnosis.

The aim of quality control of a laboratory investigation is to ensure that similar results are obtained on the same material at different centres. To investigate its practicability in cytodiagnosis, the same cytological material was examined independently at six centres. Each centre supplied material from 20 cases, providing a total of 120 cases, ie, 100 cases excluding the donor centre's own material. The degree of agreement between the centres was studied using (a) the standard National Health Service cytology report terminology, (b) the centre's own terminology, and (c) the recommended recall time. The results revealed close agreement between five out of six centres in the reports obtained in relation to dysplasia and malignancy, namely, less than 3% false negative results and not more than 1.7% false positive results. The recommended recall time provided a similar order of agreement after discrepancies due to the management of inflammatory conditions had been eliminated. There was marked disagreement in the diagnosis of both presence and type of infection. The results indicate that improvement in the quality of cytological material would increase the consistency of cytodiagnosis. Cytodiagnosis itself, being an expression of opinion, does not appear to be an appropriate field for quality control.

Candida albicans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring services: a district nursing dependency tool.

The government has highlighted the importance of reducing inequalities in health and providing an equal and high quality service to all patients. The district nursing service in Wolverhampton monitors the provision of services across the town to ensure high quality care for all patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗