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Biomedical subjects

G Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to G Simpson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Retroviral pseudotypes produced by rescue of a Moloney murine leukemia virus vector by C-type, but not D-type, retroviruses.

Human HOS cells containing a Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) recombinant genome were infected by a panel of retroviruses. The C-type viruses simian sarcoma associated virus, feline leukemia virus subgroup B, and the feline endogenous virus RD114 were able to form pseudotypes with the Mo-MLV genome, which transferred a selectable marker gene to target cells; however, Human T cell leukemia virus-1 and the D-type viruses Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and simian retrovirus-1 failed to rescue the Mo-MLV vector. Further characterization of the RD114 pseudotype demonstrated that it retained the receptor specificity of RD114 and will therefore prove useful in receptor characterization.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

CPF-DD is an inhibitor of infection by human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses in vitro.

The initial step in the infection cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) involves binding of its surface glycoprotein gp 120 to the T lymphocyte CD4 antigen. CPF-DD is a low molecular weight inhibitor of HIV infectivity that inhibits gp 120 binding to CD4 in vitro (Finberg et al., Science 249, 287-291, 1990). We find, however, that the actions of CPF-DD are not limited to its ability to interfere with gp 120-CD4 binding; its predominant action is to remove the viral envelope from the underlying core. Subsequently the virions disintegrate. Most enveloped viruses tested were inhibited by CPF-DD, but the infectivity of noneneloped viruses was unaffected or only slightly reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Feline leukemia virus subgroup B uses the same cell surface receptor as gibbon ape leukemia virus.

Pseudotypes of gibbon ape leukemia virus/simian sarcoma-associated virus (GALV/SSAV) and feline leukemia virus subgroup B (FeLV-B) have been constructed by rescuing a Moloney murine leukemia virus vector genome with wild-type GALV/SSAV or FeLV-B. The resulting recombinant viruses utilized core and envelope proteins from the wild-type virus and conferred resistance to growth in L-histidinol upon infected cells by virtue of the HisD gene encoded by the vector genome. They displayed the host range specificity of the rescuing viruses and could be neutralized by virus-specific antisera. Receptor cross-interference was observed when the GALV/SSAV or FeLV-B pseudotypes were used to superinfect cells productively infected with either GALV/SSAV or FeLV-B. Although murine cells are resistant to FeLV-B infection, murine cells expressing the human gene for the GALV/SSAV receptor became susceptible to FeLV-B infection. Therefore GALV/SSAV and FeLV-B utilize the same cell surface receptor.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1988

A carbamazepine trial in chronic, treatment-refractory schizophrenia.

Carbamazepine was given to 12 chronic, treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients for 5 weeks. No overall change was found, but four patients significantly improved while eight worsened. Given the paucity of successful treatments for refractory schizophrenia, further study of carbamazepine appears warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

AMRA's role in the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey.

The American Medical Record Association (AMRA) has worked closely with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in planning the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS). AMRA has endorsed the NMIHS and encourages the participation of hospital medical record departments.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Medicolegal alcohol determination: Widmark revisited.

Several concepts and principles advanced by Widmark over 50 years ago are briefly compared with results of recently published experimental work. His conclusions--that breath alcohol analysis can lead to overestimates of actual blood alcohol concentration, and that +/- 2 standard deviations about the average should be used to estimate certain pharmacokinetic parameters for medicolegal alcohol determinations--are supported by these more-recent experimental results.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

Acute paranasal sinusitis related to nasotracheal intubation of head-injured patients.

One hundred eleven head-injured patients were examined for paranasal sinusitis during early convalescence. Glascow coma scale (GCS) was less than 8 in 79 patients. Ninety-three patients had sustained blunt injuries, and 18 had penetrating ones. Sixty-five orotracheal intubations (OTI) and 31 nasotracheal intubations (NTI) were performed at the scene or on hospital arrival. Fifteen patients were not tracheally intubated. Paranasal sinus air fluid levels (AFL) were present in 30 patients on their admitting computerized tomography scans. Paranasal sinusitis developed in 19 patients with a mean GCS of 5.4 +/- 3.3 (SD). Sixteen of the 19 had NTI, and three had OTI (p less than .05). Of 30 patients with AFL, sinusitis occurred in 13. Ten of these 13 had NTI, and three had OTI (p less than .05). Penetrating injury did not increase the risk of sinusitis (p greater than .1). Seventeen of the 19 infections were polymicrobial. Sinusitis after head trauma is related to NTI, AFL, and severity of head injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Pitfalls in femur length measurements.

The following study was performed to determine the precise anatomic correlate for the end points of sonographic measurement of the fetal femur. A cadaveric fetal thigh was dissected in layers and correlated with sonographic images. The margins of the osseous portion of the femur were determined on sonograms. Potential for underestimating femur length (oblique images) and overestimating femur length (including nonosseous portions of the femur in measurement) can be eliminated by requiring a view of the femur which includes the epiphyseal cartilages. In this way, the margins of the osseous portion may be accurately estimated, and there is assurance that the entire shaft has been visualized. Images of the dissected specimen indicate that the "distal femur point," which may cause confusion in measurement, is not a part of the osseous femur, but probably represents a specular reflection from the lateral surface of the distal epiphysis.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1987

Accuracy and precision of breath alcohol measurements for subjects in the absorptive state.

Published data are analyzed in order to estimate the accuracy of breath-alcohol measurements for subjects during absorption of orally ingested ethanol. Simultaneous measurements of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and venous blood alcohol concentration (VBAC) show that actual VBAC can be overestimated by more than 100% for a significant amount of time after drinking stops. The maximum error found for four individual subjects is +230%, +190%, +60%, and +30%. The magnitude of these errors indicates that results from quantitative evidential breath alcohol analyzers are far less accurate for the absorptive state than they are during the postabsorptive state, but the specifications for accuracy and precision given by manufacturers of these instruments do not reflect this. The results also indicate that there is a significant likelihood that subjects will be in the absorptive state when tested under field conditions. I conclude that estimates of BAC based on BrAC measurements are not reliable in the absorptive state and that the uncertainty associated with such estimates should be accounted for, particularly when the results are used in connection with law enforcement.

Absorption↗