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Biomedical subjects

G Slavin

Publications and source records attributed to G Slavin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Coeliac disease and malignancy.

Patients with coeliac disease are at greater risk than the general population for the development of malignant neoplasms, particularly lymphomas. Of 259 histologically confirmed malignancies in 235 patients with histologically proven coeliac disease, 133 were malignant lymphomas, the predominant histological type being malignant histiocytosis and the commonest site of this lesion the small intestine. Patients with coeliac disease also have a greatly increased risk for the development of small-intestinal adenocarcinomas. Among 116 invasive non-lymphomatous malignancies there were 19 small-intestinal adenocarcinomas, compared with 0 . 23 expected from national cancer registrations adjusted for sex and age. There were also more oesophageal and pharyngeal squamous carcinomas than expected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Analytical subcellular fractionation of normal human skeletal muscle by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.

The principle organelle marker enzymes and various adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities were studied in human skeletal muscle. The reproducibility of each assay was established under optimal and linear assay conditions. Whole homogenates of normal human quadriceps muscle were fractionated by centrifugation on a continuous sucrose density gradient. Gradient fractions were assayed for organelle marker enzymes and frequency-density histograms were constructed for each enzyme. Good resolution of the principal organelles was obtained. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was assayed under conditions of maximal stimulation by Ca2+, or Mg2+ or Na2+, K+ + Mg2+. The distribution of these activities was compared with those of the organelle marker enzymes. Both Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase were distributed to both the mitochondrial and myofibrillar fractions but could be distinguished by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase with sodium azide. The distribution of Na+, K+-activated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Na+, K+ ATPase) activity suggested a sarcolemmal localization. The results of electron microscopy of gradient fractions were consistent with the organelle content of the fractions as determined by enzymic analyses. These studies provide reference information for the subsequent investigation of organelle pathology of human muscle disorders.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1983

Prognostic value of tumour thickness in cutaneous malignant melanoma.

The relation between survival and histological features in 91 patients with malignant melanoma was studied and the results were analysed by Clayton's method for interpretation of censored survival data. There was a significant correlation between tumour thickness and survival. The risk of dying from malignant melanoma after 10 years of follow up was less than 15% if the primary tumour was less than 1.5 mm thick but more than 80% if the lesion was thicker than 8 mm. The type of melanoma, level of invasion, mitotic rate, and presence of ulceration also correlated with survival, but these variables are related to tumour thickness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chronic alcohol excess is associated with selective but reversible injury to type 2B muscle fibres.

Patients drinking more than 100 g alcohol/day for longer than three years develop atrophy of striated muscle fibres. This predominantly affects type 2B fibres which are dependent on anaerobic glycolytic metabolism. Atrophy of type 1 and type 2A fibres, which in addition use aerobic mitochondrial respiration, only occurs in the most severe cases and then only to a lesser degree. Abstention from alcohol reverses the changes in muscle which slowly return to normal. Selective injury to type 2B fibres indicates that search should be made for an alcohol-induced biochemical lesion affecting the anaerobic glycolytic pathways of the muscle fibre.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chronic alcoholic skeletal muscle myopathy: a clinical, histological and biochemical assessment of muscle lipid.

Muscle biopsy samples were analysed from five control subjects, four patients with mild to moderate fibre atrophy and four patients with severe atrophy. Patchy increase in lipid was noted with oil red O staining but there was no consistent association of lipid with selective fibre types. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated lipid droplets both subjacent to the sarcolemma and between fibrils. Quantitative analysis showed that the increased lipid was solely due to excess triglyceride. GLC analysis of free and esterified acids was performed. The profiles were essentially similar for the phospholipid and free fatty acid fractions. The triglyceride fraction showed a decrease of myristate, stearate and linoleate with an increase in oleate and arachidate in the alcoholic tissue compared with control. The cholesteryl ester fraction showed an increase in palmitate with a decrease in stearate and oleate in the alcoholic muscle. The accumulation of lipid correlated with mean daily alcohol consumption but not with degree of atrophy suggesting that the two processes probably had different pathogenic mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Blood group antigens in the normal and neoplastic bladder epithelium.

The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study the expression of the blood group A and H antigens in fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of the bladder mucosa of 21 patients with non-neoplastic diseases of the bladder. Reliable assessment of these antigens could only be made using cryostat sections of fresh-frozen tissues. Also included in this study were tumour tissues of 5 patients with bladder cancer. The blood group A antigen was totally deleted in cryostat sections of the tumour of one patient with aggressive carcinoma and the appropriate antigens were diminished or focally deleted in the four patients with tumours that were non-invasive during one to three years of follow-up. It is concluded that sections of fresh-frozen tissues or sections processed in the absence of glycolipid-extracting solvents should be used for visualising the expression of blood group antigens in bladder tissues and assessing their value as prognosticators of the malignant potential of bladder tumours.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Chemotherapy of chemically-induced colorectal tumours.

Benign and malignant tumours were induced in the large bowel of rats by the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Benign tumours appeared from week 20 onwards and malignant tumours from week 30. 5-Fluorouracil was administered intraperitoneally in maximally tolerated doses from week 26 onwards and failed to influence significantly the development of either benign or malignant tumours. Tumours induced by DMH are a close model of human colorectal cancer and suitable for testing anticancer drugs. Agents with greater activity against colorectal cancer are required.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and zinc protoporphyrin measurements compared as primary screening methods for detection of lead poisoning.

We compared two commonly used primary screening methods (FEP and ZnP) for detecting Pb poisoning in children, used according to three major protocols. The results showed that FEP and ZnP values were comparable for only 36% of the children examined; 54% had FEP greater than ZnP and 10% had ZnP greater than FEP. One would identify approximately twice as many children with Pb greater than 300 micrograms/L by an FEP (500 micrograms/L cutoff) as with a ZnP (400 micrograms/L cutoff) screen. With a cutoff of 350, as compared with 500 micrograms/L for ZnP, one would perform 33% additional confirmatory blood Pb determinations with a 3% increased detection of Pb intoxication. If the number of false-negative Pb specimens is to be minimized, the cutoff "action level" for hematofluorometers should be lowered from the currently recommended 500 micrograms/L of whole blood to 350 micrograms/L. Our long experience and that of other laboratories leads us to recommend a revision of Centers for Disease Control risk categories and cutoff values, depending on whether FEP or ZnP is measured in combination with a patient's blood Pb concentration. Our finding of above-normal values for ZnP and FEP with Pb concentrations less than 300 micrograms/L indicates that iron deficiency constitutes an equally important public-health problem for children in New York City.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Bronchiolectasis-a complication of artificial ventilation.

Pulmonary barotrauma associated with artificial ventilation is recognised clinically as pneumothorax, pneumo-mediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema. Eleven patients who died in the intensive therapy unit after artificial ventilation were found at necropsy to have pronounced bronchiolectasis, which was associated with a greatly increased physiological dead space during life. The condition was best predicted by the maximum level of positive end expiratory pressure and the duration of application of positive end expiratory pressure. The clinical course of the lesion in survivors is not known. Further detailed studies are needed, but it is suggested that high levels of positive end expiratory pressure should be used with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Morphometric study of liver cell nuclei in hepatomas using an interactive computer technique: (i) nuclear size and shape.

Liver cells from 20 normal livers and 20 hepatomas have been studied in histological sections using an interactive computer method which measures nuclear size and shape. The variables which gave best discrimination between malignant and benign nuclei were the standard deviations of nuclear shape measurements. Though the liver is an ideal tissue for computer study it is considered that such measurements may act as a model for analysis of nuclei of other tissues.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1981

Coeliac disease with severe hypogammaglobulinaemia.

A patient with severe late onset primary hypogammaglobulinaemia developed coeliac disease. The case illustrates that coeliac disease can occur in the virtual absence of local antibody production by plasma cells in the mucosa of the small bowel. Furthermore, our inability to demonstrate specific cellular immunity to a subfraction of gluten raises doubts about the relevance of immunological reactions in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease.

Agammaglobulinemia↗