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Biomedical subjects

G Stoltenburg

Publications and source records attributed to G Stoltenburg.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The central nervous system of infants born to HIV-positive mothers-- neuropathology, immunohistochemistry in in situ hybridization].

The central nervous system (CNS) of 12 fetuses from human-immunodefiency-virus-seropositive mothers was investigated. Postconceptional ages ranged between 15 and 21 weeks. 3 preterm infants born to HIV positive mothers whose survival ranged from 6 hours to 6 months were included in the study. In all cases, the development of the CNS was macroscopically normal. The microscopic examination showed many ectopic neurons indicating disturbances of normal neuronal migration. As a regular finding there was a significant increase in microglia in all areas of the CNS but no microglial nodules were found. In all cases haematogenous monocytes were scattered in the perivascular space of the cerebral parenchyma as well as in the chorioid pexus. The virus-antigen p24 could neither be detected immunohistochemically in the paraffin sections nor in the frozen material of the brain or by in-situ-hybridization. In contrast, in five of the cases investigated the placenta showed macrophages, socalled Hofbauer cells with p24-associated antigen.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1988

CT reconstruction technique in lumbar intraneuroforaminal disc herniation.

The CT appearance of the lumbar neural foramina and contents is described in detail and compared to histopathological specimens. Direct axial scans with secondary sagittal, coronal and paraxial reconstruction series of slices of the neural foramen were derived from lumbar spine examination of fifty normal adults. These normal parameters were then used to evaluate and subdivide 20 patients with disc herniation involving the neural foramen. The new paraxial reformation was able to show an intraneuroforaminal disc involvement. CT-reformation technique and operative results in intraneuroforaminal disc herniation correspond in 80%. This improvement in preoperative diagnosis demonstrates to the neurosurgeon the full extent of disc herniation and results in an optimized operative approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Panencephalopathy of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease type].

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) occurring in later life has a duration of about one year. Gait disturbance, myoclonic jerks, dementia and akinetic mutism occur. Post-mortem examination of the brain shows nerve cell loss, gliosis and spongiform changes of the grey matter. Clinical and neuropathological features of a case of the panencephalopathic type of CJD, with additional extensive degeneration of the cerebral white matter, are described. The panencephalopathic type of CJD is characterized clinically by a longer duration and a biphasic course.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Chronic and acute transtentorial herniation with tumours of the posterior cranial fossa.

In patients with expanding lesions of the posterior fossa general hyper-reflexia (and bilateral latency shifts of auditory evoked brain stem potentials) have been noted as possible symptoms of chronic ascending transtentorial herniation. After ventricular tap, this chronic herniation may evolve into acute herniation with progressive reduction of consciousness which in our experience can only be survived by decompression of the compressed brain stem. The chronic transtentorial herniation is related morphologically to demyelination of the pyramidal tracts and the auditory pathways, whereas the acute transtentorial herniation is related to microcirculatory disturbances in the reticular formation of the mesencephalo-pontine junction.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1978

Experimental studies on hydrocarbon neuropathies induced by methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK).

An outbreak of neuropathies among Berlin solvent sniffers was closely related to the denaturation by methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) of the mixture used. The solvent was composed of n-hexane, toluene and ethyl-acetate. Nervous system responses to chronic repeated exposure to 10,000 ppm pure n-hexane, 10,000 ppm MEK/n-hexane (ratio 1:9) and 6000 ppm pure MEK were investigated in rats. Motor neuropathy of the dying back type with giant swelling of axons in the peripheral and central nervous system developed in animals exposed to MEK/n-hexane and n-hexane. Severe potentiation of n-hexane neurotoxicity and shortened onset of morphological and clinical signs were demonstrated in animals exposed to MEK/n-hexane. MEK alone did not produce neuropathy under these conditions. The findings suggest that commercial solvent mixtures containing MEK/n-hexane should be avoided.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1977

Toxic polyneuropathies after sniffing a glue thinner.

In West Berlin in the autumn of 1975 through the following 5 months we observed 18 juvenile patients who had a toxic polyneuropathy and had sniffed a glue thinner. The neurological picture consisted of a symmetrical, progressive, ascending, mainly motor, polyneuropathy with pronounced muscle atrophy and characteristic vegetative alterations. The height of the disease was reached after 1 1/2-2 1/2 months and was characterized by tetraplegia in 7 patients. After 8 months all patients still had a motor deficit. Nerve biopsy showed paranodal axon swelling, dense masses of neurofilaments and secondary myelin retraction. The neurological and morphological data correspond to the "glue sniffer's neuropathy" and the n-hexane and MBK polyneuropathy after industrial exposure, as described in 10 cases to date. However, there was no MBK in the glue thinner. The polyneuropathies occurred in close time relation with the denaturation of the thinner with MEK (2-butanone). It is concluded from the data n-hexane and MBK have a common toxic mechanism with primary axonal changes and that there is an additional synergistic effect of MEK.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

[The use of stereologic image analysis in medicine (peripheral nerves)].

The use of image plane scanning for the purpose of quantification of data is becoming increasingly important in medicine and biology. Such equipment allows complex geometric-statistical relationships to be investigated by reduction to a counting process in which picture elements are counted (using a photocell), stored, and evaluated. Various absolute values of interest can then be computed using certain mathematical relationships. These methods, using automatically controlled sampling, are fast, and, since they are able to detect small variations in light intensity, very accurate. Furthermore, even in the presence of highly complex patterns, an accurate surface area measurement can be made. Peripheral nerve cells, for example, lend themselves well to such methods, since the strong contrast between individual structural elements provides excellent conditions for automatic measurement.

Axons↗